Dextroamphetamine

D-Amphetamine

Dexamphetamine, Dex, Dexies, Dexedrine, Attentin

Psychoactive Class

Chemical Class

Amphetamine Phenethylamine (substituted)

Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of amphetamine and a central nervous system stimulant of the substituted phenethylamine class.¹ Generally regarded as the prototypical stimulant, it exhibits more pronounced central nervous system effects than its mirror enantiomer, levoamphetamine.² It is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy¹, and is also used recreationally as a euphoriant and cognitive enhancer.³²

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Threshold~3.75 mg

Light3.75-10 mg

Moderate10-16 mg

Strong16-30 mg

Heavy30+ mg

Bioavailability

~90%

Duration

Onset15-30 minutes

Come Up30-60 minutes

Peak2.5-4 hours

Offset2-3 hours

After Effects3-6 hours

Total6-8 hours

Half-life

9-11 hours

Subjective Effects

Dextroamphetamine produces a functional, clear-headed stimulant experience dominated by wakefulness, elevated mood, and enhanced concentration rather than sensory alteration. At therapeutic doses the effects center on increased alertness, initiative, self-confidence, and sociability, often accompanied by a mild euphoria that can give way to a mildly depressed mood as the effects wear off. It is the more centrally active enantiomer of amphetamine, and the character of the experience shifts sharply with dose: what is smooth and productive at lower doses becomes anxious, compulsive, and potentially psychotic at excessive doses.

Physical

The body feels energized, with reduced fatigue, improved reaction time, and pronounced appetite suppression. Dry mouth, increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, teeth grinding, headache, and difficulty sleeping are the most commonly reported physical side effects.

Cardiovascular

Increased blood pressure

Stimulation

The physical stimulation is energizing and performance-oriented rather than heavy or rushy at therapeutic doses.

Uncomfortable

Dry mouthHeadacheNausea Dizziness

Cognitive

The headspace is energetic and goal-oriented, marked by heightened alertness, concentration, initiative, and self-confidence, with improved cognitive control. Mood is elevated but can swing, and anxiety, irritability, grandiosity, and repetitive or obsessive behaviors become more likely as dose or frequency increases; large doses can impair rather than enhance cognition.

Emotional

The emotional tone is typically elevated and confident, but mood swings and anxious or irritable states are common, particularly at higher doses or during the offset.

Irritability

Enhancements

High Dose

Excessive doses can precipitate a stimulant psychosis alongside panic, aggression, and compulsive behavior.

Compulsive redosing

Reagent Testing

Loading reagent data

Expected colorimetric results are being prepared.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Dextroamphetamine acts primarily as a monoamine releasing agent, increasing synaptic concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and to a lesser extent serotonin.⁴ It is a potent full agonist of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), which inhibits monoamine transporter function and promotes neurotransmitter efflux,⁵⁶ and also acts as a substrate of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), displacing monoamines from synaptic vesicles into the cytosol.⁷ Transporter reversal can also occur independently of TAAR1 at high cytosolic monoamine concentrations. Additional activity includes antagonism at the alpha-1B adrenergic receptor.

Pharmacokinetics

Dextroamphetamine is well absorbed orally, with bioavailability typically around 90% that is unaffected by food intake.⁸ As a weak base (pKa 9.9), absorption varies with gastrointestinal pH, with alkaline conditions favoring uptake of the lipid-soluble free base form.⁸ Approximately 20% of circulating drug is bound to plasma proteins, and it readily distributes into most tissues, achieving high concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue.⁹ Metabolism occurs primarily through CYP2D6-mediated aromatic para-hydroxylation to 4-hydroxyamphetamine, with additional pathways involving dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), and subsequent conjugation via sulfotransferase or glucuronosyltransferase.⁸ The elimination half-life is 9–11 hours at normal urine pH but is highly pH-dependent, ranging from approximately 7 hours in acidic urine to up to 34 hours in alkaline urine.⁸ Elimination occurs primarily via the kidneys, with 30–40% excreted unchanged at normal urinary pH.⁸

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AMTMAOIsTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

2C-T-x compounds5-MeO-xxT tryptaminesDOx compoundsDXMNBOMe compoundsPCPPregabalin

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

2C-x compoundsAlcoholCaffeineCannabisCocaineDiphenhydramineDMTGHB/GBLKetamineLSDMDMAMescalineMXEOpioidsPsilocybin mushrooms

TripSit

Tolerance

Full Tolerance

Tolerance develops rapidly with repeated use over short periods, leading to diminished effects. The rate of tolerance development may vary between different effects of the substance.

Cross Tolerance

Amphetamines, Dopaminergic stimulants

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Dextroamphetamine has a high potential for abuse due to its dopaminergic rewarding properties affecting the mesocorticolimbic circuit. Recreational use frequently leads to compulsive use patterns, with individuals who self-administer high doses having high risk of developing addiction through ΔFosB overexpression in the nucleus accumbens.¹⁰ Therapeutic use at prescribed doses carries substantially lower addiction risk and may actually reduce risk of developing substance use disorders when used for ADHD treatment beginning in childhood.¹¹

Physical

Moderate

Physical dependence develops with chronic heavy use. When chronic high-dose users abruptly discontinue, approximately 88% experience a time-limited withdrawal syndrome within 24 hours of their last dose, persisting 3-4 weeks with a marked crash phase during the first week.¹²¹³ Withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, drug craving, depressed mood, fatigue, increased appetite, movement changes, lack of motivation, and sleep disturbances.¹³ Discontinuation at therapeutic doses does not typically produce withdrawal symptoms.

Toxicity

Cardiovascular

Acute cardiovascular effects including hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and Raynaud's phenomenon occur during use; however, large studies including a 2022 meta-analysis of nearly four million participants found no association between therapeutic amphetamine use and serious cardiovascular events (sudden death, heart attack, stroke) in any age group.¹⁴

Central Nervous System

High doses in animal models cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity characterized by dopamine terminal degeneration and reduced transporter function;¹⁵ however, there is no evidence of direct neurotoxicity in humans at therapeutic doses, and long-term pharmaceutical use in ADHD patients appears to improve brain development and nerve growth.

Musculoskeletal

Rapid muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) may occur at excessive doses significantly exceeding typical recreational or therapeutic ranges.⁸

Developmental

Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects observed in mice at 41 times the maximum human dose but not in rat or rabbit studies; therapeutic use in humans does not appear to cause developmental abnormalities, though abuse during pregnancy poses fetal risks.⁸

Psychosis Risk

Stimulant psychosis involving delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations can occur in heavy recreational users. Approximately 5-15% of users who develop amphetamine psychosis fail to recover completely.¹⁶ Psychosis rarely arises from therapeutic use, though individuals with pre-existing psychotic disorders may be at risk even at therapeutic doses. Antipsychotic medications have been shown to effectively resolve symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.¹⁶

Seizure Risk

Amphetamine may reduce seizure threshold as a side effect.⁸ Convulsions are primarily associated with severe overdose and fatal poisoning rather than typical use. Contraindicated in individuals with seizure disorders.

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Racemic amphetamine was first synthesized in Berlin in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who prepared the compound under the chemical name "phenylisopropylamine."¹⁷ The substance remained relatively obscure for several decades until the pharmaceutical…

Legality

International

UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971: scheduled

By Country

United StatesPrescription onlySchedule II

Controlled Substances Act, as scheduled at 21 CFR § 1308.12(d)(1)⁷⁹⁸⁰⁸¹

Controlled under Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act,⁸¹ recognized as having substantial abuse potential alongside accepted medical applications. Marketed under trade names including Dexedrine and Zenzedi for treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy.⁸¹

AustraliaPrescription onlySchedule 8

Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—February 2026) Instrument 2026, Schedule 8²⁸

Classified as a controlled drug under the Poisons Standard.²⁹ Available by prescription for therapeutic purposes but subject to strict dispensing and record-keeping requirements.

BrazilPrescription onlyLista A3

Portaria SVS/MS nº 344/1998, Anexo I, Lista A3³⁵³⁶³⁷

Controlled as a Class A3 psychoactive substance under national pharmaceutical legislation, indicating recognized abuse potential with some therapeutic application.

ChileRestrictedArticle 1

Supreme Decree No. 867 of 2007, Regulation of Law No. 20.000⁴²

Dextroamphetamine is classified as a psychotropic substance capable of producing dependence and serious toxic effects or considerable health damage. It is regulated by Chile's Law No. 20.000 controlled-drug framework.

DenmarkPrescription onlyList B

Executive Order on Euphoriant Substances⁴⁷

Dextroamphetamine is included in List B of euphoriant substances. List B substances may be used only for medical and scientific purposes.

GermanyPrescription onlyAnlage III

Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG), Anlage III (zu § 1 Abs. 1)⁴⁹⁵⁰

Controlled under Anlage III of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act),⁴⁹ indicating a prescription-capable narcotic. Can only be dispensed using a special narcotic prescription form (Betäubungsmittelrezept).

IrelandPrescription onlySchedule 2

Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2017⁵³

Dextroamphetamine is a Schedule 2 controlled drug. Its manufacture, supply, possession and prescribing are subject to the Schedule 2 controlled-drug regime.

JapanIllegalStimulant

Stimulants Control Act⁵⁵⁵⁶

Dextroamphetamine is controlled as a stimulant under the Stimulants Control Act. Individual travellers may not import or export amphetamine, including dexamphetamine, even for treatment purposes.

NorwayPrescription onlyNarcotic

Narcotics Regulation (narkotikaforskriften)⁶⁰⁶¹

Dextroamphetamine is regulated as a narcotic substance. Its medical prescribing is governed by the special rules for centrally stimulating medicines classified as prohibited narcotics.

PortugalPrescription onlyTable II-B

Decree-Law No. 15/93, Table II-B⁶⁴

Dextroamphetamine is listed in Table II-B of Portugal's drug-control law. It is regulated as a psychotropic substance under that statutory framework.

SlovakiaRestrictedGroup II

Act No. 139/1998 Coll. on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Preparations⁶⁶

Dextroamphetamine is listed as a psychotropic substance in Group II. The Act regulates handling, manufacture, distribution, supply, use, import, export and transport of psychotropic substances.

South KoreaProhibitedCitation needed

Completely banned including for medical purposes, in strict compliance with United Nations Convention obligations.⁶⁸ No therapeutic exemptions are granted.

SwedenPrescription onlyList II

Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika; HSLF-FS 2017:74⁷⁰⁷¹⁷²

Controlled substance with restricted prescribing authority. Only physicians with specialist qualifications in child and adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, neurology, or child and adolescent neurology with habilitation may prescribe it.

United KingdomPrescription onlyClass B

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2 Part II; Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, Schedule 2⁷⁶⁷⁷⁷⁸

Amphetamine and its isomers are controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.⁷⁶ Available by prescription for medical conditions but unauthorized possession and supply constitute criminal offenses.

ArgentinaPrescription onlyLista II

Ley N.º 19.303^24252627

Argentina’s Law No. 19,303 classifies dexamphetamine (dextroamphetamine) as a Lista II psychotropic. It may be prescribed only by a licensed physician on an official triplicate prescription, which may be dispensed once and cover no more than 20 days of treatment. The current criminal schedule also expressly identifies dexamphetamine as amphetamine’s d-isomer. Unauthorized manufacture, trafficking, and possession of scheduled substances are offences under Law No. 23,737.

AustriaPrescription onlyAnhang IV

Suchtgiftverordnung, Anhang IV.1; Suchtmittelgesetz §§ 2(2), 5–7, 27^3031323334

Dextroamphetamine (Dexamphetamin) is listed in Annex IV.1 of the Suchtgiftverordnung as a substance in Annex II to the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and is treated as a narcotic drug under the Suchtmittelgesetz. Its production, processing, acquisition, possession, transport, import, export, and supply are restricted to authorised medical, dental, veterinary, or scientific channels. Pharmacies may dispense controlled-drug medicines on prescription to the person for whom they were prescribed, and that recipient’s acquisition and possession are exempt from the ordinary restriction. Unauthorised dealings are offences under the Suchtmittelgesetz.

CanadaPrescription onlySchedule I

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, S.C. 1996, c. 19, Schedule I; Food and Drug Regulations, C.R.C., c. 870, s. G.03.002³⁸³⁹⁴⁰

Controlled under Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.⁴¹ Available for medical use by prescription but subject to strict regulatory oversight.

ColombiaPrescription onlyLista II

Resolución 000116 de 2026^43444546

Dextroamphetamine (dexanfetamina) is a special-control psychotropic in Lista II under Ministry of Health Resolution 000116 of 2026, in force since 27 January 2026. Medicines in the “Anfetaminas y Estimulantes Centrales” group may be prescribed only on official prescription forms and only up to a 30-day supply. Unauthorized importation, transport, possession, storage, manufacture, sale, acquisition, financing, or supply of a Schedule II psychotropic is criminalized under Criminal Code article 376; possession or keeping solely for personal consumption is excluded by Constitutional Court Decision C-491/2012.

FranceStupéfiantCitation needed

Classified as a narcotic substance as an isomer of amphetamine.⁴⁸ Possession, purchase, sale, and manufacture are prohibited. Notably, it is not available by medical prescription in France, unlike in many other jurisdictions.

IndiaRestrictedPsychotropic

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985⁵¹⁵²

Dextroamphetamine is listed as a psychotropic substance under the NDPS Act. Dealing in a psychotropic substance is prohibited unless authorized by the Act, rules, orders, licences or permits.

ItalyPrescription onlyTable A

Ministerial Decree of 28 November 2024 amending Presidential Decree No. 309/1990⁵⁴

Dextroamphetamine is placed in Table A of the medicines table and identified in Table I under equivalent names. The substance is regulated through Italy's narcotic and psychotropic-medicines control system.

NetherlandsPrescription onlyList I

Opium Act (Opiumwet), List I⁵⁷⁵⁸

Controlled as a hard drug under List I of the Opium Act.⁵⁹ Unauthorized possession, distribution, and production carry criminal penalties.

PhilippinesPrescription onlySchedule II

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (Republic Act No. 9165)⁶²⁶³

Dextroamphetamine is listed in Philippine Schedule II. Schedule II substances may have accepted medical use and are subject to the Act's authorization and control framework.

SingaporeRestrictedClass A

Misuse of Drugs Act 1973⁶⁵

Dextroamphetamine is a stereoisomer of amphetamine and is controlled as a Class A drug. The Act controls Class A drug trafficking, manufacture, import, export, possession and consumption.

South AfricaRestrictedSchedule 7

General Regulations under the Medicines and Related Substances Act⁶⁷

Dextroamphetamine is listed in South Africa's scheduled-medicines framework for registered ADHD medicines. Its supply is limited to the controlled conditions specified for scheduled substances.

SpainPrescription onlyList II

Royal Decree 2829/1977⁶⁹

Dextroamphetamine is listed in List II of the psychotropic-substances annex. Medicinal products containing List II substances are subject to the decree's control, prescription and dispensing rules.

SwitzerlandPrescription onlyVerzeichnis a

Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien (Betäubungsmittelverzeichnisverordnung, BetmVV-EDI; SR 812.121.11), Anhang 2⁷³⁷⁴⁷⁵

Dextroamphetamine is listed as Dexamfetamin, under Dexamphetamin [(+)-Isomer], in Verzeichnis a of the Betäubungsmittelverzeichnisverordnung. Verzeichnis a substances are subject to all Swiss narcotics-control measures; prescriptions require the official narcotics prescription form. The Ordinance has been in force since 1 July 2011, and unauthorised manufacture, import, export, supply, acquisition, possession, and trade are offences under the Narcotics Act.

References

Source Pages

Citations

Suggest an edit

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Dextroamphetamine

D-Amphetamine

Dexamphetamine, Dex, Dexies, Dexedrine, Attentin

Psychoactive Class

Stimulant

Chemical Class

Amphetamine Phenethylamine (substituted)

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Threshold~3.75 mg

Light3.75-10 mg

Moderate10-16 mg

Strong16-30 mg

Heavy30+ mg

Bioavailability

~90%

Duration

Onset15-30 minutes

Come Up30-60 minutes

Peak2.5-4 hours

Offset2-3 hours

After Effects3-6 hours

Total6-8 hours

Half-life

9-11 hours

Subjective Effects

Physical

Cardiovascular

Increased blood pressure

Stimulation

The physical stimulation is energizing and performance-oriented rather than heavy or rushy at therapeutic doses.

Uncomfortable

Dry mouthHeadacheNausea Dizziness

Cognitive

Emotional

The emotional tone is typically elevated and confident, but mood swings and anxious or irritable states are common, particularly at higher doses or during the offset.

Irritability

Enhancements

High Dose

Excessive doses can precipitate a stimulant psychosis alongside panic, aggression, and compulsive behavior.

Compulsive redosing

Reagent Testing

Loading reagent data

Expected colorimetric results are being prepared.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AMTMAOIsTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

2C-T-x compounds5-MeO-xxT tryptaminesDOx compoundsDXMNBOMe compoundsPCPPregabalin

Caution

Use caution

2C-x compoundsAlcoholCaffeineCannabisCocaineDiphenhydramineDMTGHB/GBLKetamineLSDMDMAMescalineMXEOpioidsPsilocybin mushrooms

TripSit

Tolerance

Full Tolerance

Tolerance develops rapidly with repeated use over short periods, leading to diminished effects. The rate of tolerance development may vary between different effects of the substance.

Cross Tolerance

Amphetamines, Dopaminergic stimulants

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Physical

Moderate

Toxicity

Cardiovascular

Central Nervous System

Musculoskeletal

Rapid muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) may occur at excessive doses significantly exceeding typical recreational or therapeutic ranges.⁸

Developmental

Psychosis Risk

Seizure Risk

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971: scheduled

By Country

United StatesPrescription onlySchedule II

Controlled Substances Act, as scheduled at 21 CFR § 1308.12(d)(1)⁷⁹⁸⁰⁸¹

AustraliaPrescription onlySchedule 8

Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—February 2026) Instrument 2026, Schedule 8²⁸

Classified as a controlled drug under the Poisons Standard.²⁹ Available by prescription for therapeutic purposes but subject to strict dispensing and record-keeping requirements.

BrazilPrescription onlyLista A3

Portaria SVS/MS nº 344/1998, Anexo I, Lista A3³⁵³⁶³⁷

Controlled as a Class A3 psychoactive substance under national pharmaceutical legislation, indicating recognized abuse potential with some therapeutic application.

ChileRestrictedArticle 1

Supreme Decree No. 867 of 2007, Regulation of Law No. 20.000⁴²

DenmarkPrescription onlyList B

Executive Order on Euphoriant Substances⁴⁷

Dextroamphetamine is included in List B of euphoriant substances. List B substances may be used only for medical and scientific purposes.

GermanyPrescription onlyAnlage III

Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG), Anlage III (zu § 1 Abs. 1)⁴⁹⁵⁰

IrelandPrescription onlySchedule 2

Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2017⁵³

Dextroamphetamine is a Schedule 2 controlled drug. Its manufacture, supply, possession and prescribing are subject to the Schedule 2 controlled-drug regime.

JapanIllegalStimulant

Stimulants Control Act⁵⁵⁵⁶

Dextroamphetamine is controlled as a stimulant under the Stimulants Control Act. Individual travellers may not import or export amphetamine, including dexamphetamine, even for treatment purposes.

NorwayPrescription onlyNarcotic

Narcotics Regulation (narkotikaforskriften)⁶⁰⁶¹

Dextroamphetamine is regulated as a narcotic substance. Its medical prescribing is governed by the special rules for centrally stimulating medicines classified as prohibited narcotics.

PortugalPrescription onlyTable II-B

Decree-Law No. 15/93, Table II-B⁶⁴

Dextroamphetamine is listed in Table II-B of Portugal's drug-control law. It is regulated as a psychotropic substance under that statutory framework.

SlovakiaRestrictedGroup II

Act No. 139/1998 Coll. on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Preparations⁶⁶

Dextroamphetamine is listed as a psychotropic substance in Group II. The Act regulates handling, manufacture, distribution, supply, use, import, export and transport of psychotropic substances.

South KoreaProhibitedCitation needed

Completely banned including for medical purposes, in strict compliance with United Nations Convention obligations.⁶⁸ No therapeutic exemptions are granted.

SwedenPrescription onlyList II

Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika; HSLF-FS 2017:74⁷⁰⁷¹⁷²

United KingdomPrescription onlyClass B

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2 Part II; Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, Schedule 2⁷⁶⁷⁷⁷⁸

ArgentinaPrescription onlyLista II

Ley N.º 19.303^24252627

AustriaPrescription onlyAnhang IV

Suchtgiftverordnung, Anhang IV.1; Suchtmittelgesetz §§ 2(2), 5–7, 27^3031323334

CanadaPrescription onlySchedule I

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, S.C. 1996, c. 19, Schedule I; Food and Drug Regulations, C.R.C., c. 870, s. G.03.002³⁸³⁹⁴⁰

Controlled under Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.⁴¹ Available for medical use by prescription but subject to strict regulatory oversight.

ColombiaPrescription onlyLista II

Resolución 000116 de 2026^43444546

FranceStupéfiantCitation needed

IndiaRestrictedPsychotropic

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985⁵¹⁵²

Dextroamphetamine is listed as a psychotropic substance under the NDPS Act. Dealing in a psychotropic substance is prohibited unless authorized by the Act, rules, orders, licences or permits.

ItalyPrescription onlyTable A

Ministerial Decree of 28 November 2024 amending Presidential Decree No. 309/1990⁵⁴

NetherlandsPrescription onlyList I

Opium Act (Opiumwet), List I⁵⁷⁵⁸

Controlled as a hard drug under List I of the Opium Act.⁵⁹ Unauthorized possession, distribution, and production carry criminal penalties.

PhilippinesPrescription onlySchedule II

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (Republic Act No. 9165)⁶²⁶³

Dextroamphetamine is listed in Philippine Schedule II. Schedule II substances may have accepted medical use and are subject to the Act's authorization and control framework.

SingaporeRestrictedClass A

Misuse of Drugs Act 1973⁶⁵

Dextroamphetamine is a stereoisomer of amphetamine and is controlled as a Class A drug. The Act controls Class A drug trafficking, manufacture, import, export, possession and consumption.

South AfricaRestrictedSchedule 7

General Regulations under the Medicines and Related Substances Act⁶⁷

Dextroamphetamine is listed in South Africa's scheduled-medicines framework for registered ADHD medicines. Its supply is limited to the controlled conditions specified for scheduled substances.

SpainPrescription onlyList II

Royal Decree 2829/1977⁶⁹

Dextroamphetamine is listed in List II of the psychotropic-substances annex. Medicinal products containing List II substances are subject to the decree's control, prescription and dispensing rules.

SwitzerlandPrescription onlyVerzeichnis a

References

Source Pages

Citations

Suggest an edit

Spotted a mistake, an outdated claim, or something missing from the Dextroamphetamine article? Send the editors a private note. Feedback lands in a moderation queue and is never shown on the site.

Dextroamphetamine

Contents

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Duration

Subjective Effects

Physical

Cardiovascular

Stimulation

Uncomfortable

Cognitive

Emotional

Enhancements

High Dose

Reagent Testing

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Unsafe

Caution

Tolerance

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Physical

Toxicity

Psychosis Risk

Seizure Risk

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

By Country

References

Source Pages

Citations

Further Reading

Suggest an edit

Dextroamphetamine

Contents

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Duration

Subjective Effects

Physical

Cardiovascular

Stimulation

Uncomfortable

Cognitive

Emotional

Enhancements

High Dose

Reagent Testing

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Unsafe

Caution

Tolerance

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Physical

Toxicity

Psychosis Risk

Seizure Risk

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

By Country

References

Source Pages

Citations

Further Reading

Suggest an edit