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25I-NBOMe

25I-NBOMe molecule structure25I-NBOMe molecule structure
2C-I-NBOMe
25I, Cimbi-5, N-Bomb, Solaris, Smiles
Psychoactive Class

25I-NBOMe is a synthetic substituted phenethylamine psychedelic made from 2C-I by adding an N-benzyl group.citation needed Ralf Heim synthesized it at the Free University of Berlin in 2003, and it began appearing in recreational markets around 2010. It is notably potent, with active doses below one milligram.1 25I-NBOMe has a low safety ratio compared to classical psychedelics and has frequently been sold misrepresented as LSD.citation needed

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold~50 µg
Light50-500 µg
Moderate500-700 µg
Strong700-1000 µg
Heavy1000+ µg

Sublingual administration is the most widely used method for this substance. Users commonly report a pronounced metallic taste and numbness in the mouth. Doses at the heavy end of the range have been linked to fatal outcomes and are highly discouraged.

Duration

Onset15-120 minutes
Come Up30-120 minutes
Peak2-4 hours
Offset1-4 hours
After Effects1-7 days
Total6-10 hours

Subjective Effects

Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.

Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.

Physical

Cognitive

The head space of 25I-NBOMe is described by many as remarkably light and underwhelming in comparison to the classical psychedelics. It is not uncommon for people to report feeling that their thought stream has maintained general normality in its specific style throughout low to moderate dosages. At high dosages however, mild to overwhelming cognitive alterations become present.

Visual

Distortions

TracersAfter images

Geometry

The visual geometry of 25I-NBOMe is often described as similar in appearance to that of LSD. They can be comprehensively described as algorithmic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, fine and zoomed out in detail, fast and smooth in motion, structured in shape, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, sharp around the edges and mostly rounded across their corners. In comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics, they can be described as significantly more intricate than the visual geometry found within 2C-I and most of the 2C-x family and are completely on par with LSD, psilocin and DMT at appropriately high dosages. In terms of their behaviour, 25I-NBOMe's geometry leads onto Level 7A visual geometry with Level 7B remaining so far unconfirmed within this substance. They also seem to consistently build up in visual intensity when the tripper stares at a central point. This eventually envelops the visual field and creates the sensation that the tripper has broken through into a continuously shifting geometric landscape or structure with a vast sense of immersive physical size attributed to it.

Hallucinatory States

25I-NBOMe is capable of producing a full range of hallucinatory states within the level 1-3 range extremely consistently. However, level 4 hallucinatory breakthroughs are reported but very uncommon and inconsistent in comparison to other more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocin, 2C-E and DMT.

External hallucinations

Auditory

Forked from Subjective Effect Documentation byJosie Kins April 2013.

See also: Psychedelic Intensity Scale, Effects of psychedelics (visual, cognitive, miscellaneous)

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Marquis(MQ)
white → brown2 → brown3
Mecke(ME)
white → brown3 → black3
Mandelin(MD)
yellow2 → brown2
Liebermann(LB)
white → yellow2 → black3
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Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

25I-NBOMe acts as a potent agonist at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with exceptionally high binding affinity (Ki values ranging from 0.044 to 2.2 nM across studies).citation needed Functional assays generally characterize it as a high-efficacy partial agonist at 5-HT2A, with most studies reporting intrinsic activity between 78% and 91% relative to serotonin, though one study found substantially lower efficacy at 27%. Its psychedelic activity appears to be mediated primarily through 5-HT2A, as the head-twitch response it produces in mice is fully blocked by a selective 5-HT2A antagonist. 25I-NBOMe also activates 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, with biased agonism reported at 5-HT2C. Beyond serotonin receptors, it shows weaker affinity at histamine H1, adrenergic α1 and α2, and dopamine receptors, and has been found to increase dopamine levels in rodent brain regions despite being inactive as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor or releasing agent.

Pharmacokinetics

25I-NBOMe undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily through CYP3A4, with additional contributions from CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6.citation needed It is not metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO-A or MAO-B). The principal Phase I metabolic pathways involve O-demethylation, hydroxylation, and N-dealkylation, followed by Phase II glucuronidation and sulfation. Its intrinsic clearance rate (approximately 4.2 L/h/kg) substantially exceeds hepatic blood flow, resulting in extensive first-pass metabolism and negligible oral bioavailability. CYP3A4 expression in the gut may contribute further to pre-systemic degradation.

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

AmphetaminesCocaineDXMTramadol

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

2C-T-x compounds2C-x compounds5-MeO-xxT tryptaminesCaffeineCannabisDiphenhydramineDOx compoundsMAOIsMDMAMescalineMXE
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Tolerance

Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.

Full Tolerance
Tolerance develops almost immediately after ingestion. The rapid onset of tolerance makes compulsive use essentially impossible.
Baseline Reset
Approximately 2 weeks in the absence of further consumption. Some sources suggest tolerance may persist for 2-3 weeks following the experience.
Half Tolerance
Approximately 1 week
Cross Tolerance

Serotonergic psychedelics, All psychedelics (5-HT2A agonists)

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Extremely Low

25I-NBOMe is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. The rapid development of tolerance makes compulsive use essentially impossible. It is most often self-regulating.

Physical

Extremely Low

No physical dependence or withdrawal syndrome has been documented. As with other psychedelics, physical dependence does not develop with use.

Toxicity

Cardiovascular

Acute cardiovascular effects including tachycardia, hypertension, and significant vasoconstriction occur during intoxication;citation needed severe overdoses can result in thrombosis and cardiac arrest, though serious cardiac events at common doses are uncommon.

Musculoskeletal

Rhabdomyolysis (muscle tissue breakdown) occurs in severe overdoses and is one of the most frequently appearing symptoms in fatalities;citation needed this complication is associated with overdose-level doses rather than common recreational use.

Renal

Acute kidney injury has been documented in overdose cases, typically as a secondary complication of rhabdomyolysis rather than direct nephrotoxicity;citation needed this risk is primarily associated with severe overdoses.

Central Nervous System

Long-term neurological effects including memory and speech difficulties have been occasionally reported following use; animal studies suggest potential for reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, though human relevance is unclear.citation needed

Thermoregulatory

Hyperthermia and temperature regulation suppression occur during intoxication; severe hyperpyrexia is documented in overdose cases and contributes to multi-organ complications.citation needed

Psychosis Risk

Confusion, delirium, paranoia, and psychotic episodes have been documented, particularly at strong doses or higher.citation needed Anxiety and paranoia appear to occur more readily than with other psychedelics. At least one fatal stabbing occurred during a psychotic episode induced by the drug. Persistent anxiety and PTSD have been reported following difficult experiences. Delirious states can include aggression and agitation, presenting danger to users and those nearby.

Seizure Risk

Seizures are one of the most frequently appearing symptoms in severe overdoses and fatalities.citation needed This effect is far more common at doses exceeding heavy ranges and may manifest as status epilepticus lasting more than 5 minutes or requiring medical intervention to stop. Seizures were present in 3 of 7 patients in one analytically confirmed case series.4

History & Culture

Discovery and Scientific Development

25I-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by Ralf Heim and colleagues at the Free University of Berlin around the year 2000, initially appearing in the form of conference abstracts.citation needed Heim provided a comprehensive account of the compound in his 2003

Trip Reports

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Legality

International

1961 Single Convention: 25I-NBOMe is not individually scheduled.

1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Schedule I.

1988 Convention: 25I-NBOMe is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.

By Country

Illegal27
United States flagUnited StatesIllegal
Australia flagAustraliaIllegal
Austria flagAustriaIllegal
Brazil flagBrazilIllegal
Canada flagCanadaIllegal
China flagChinaIllegal
Denmark flagDenmarkIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
Finland flagFinlandIllegal
Germany flagGermanyIllegal
Hungary flagHungaryIllegal
Israel flagIsraelIllegal
Italy flagItalyIllegal
Japan flagJapanIllegal
Latvia flagLatviaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
Netherlands flagNetherlandsIllegal
New Zealand flagNew ZealandIllegal
Norway flagNorwayIllegal
Poland flagPolandIllegal
Romania flagRomaniaIllegal
Russia flagRussiaIllegal
Serbia flagSerbiaIllegal
Slovenia flagSloveniaIllegal
Sweden flagSwedenIllegal
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandIllegal
Taiwan flagTaiwanIllegal
United Arab Emirates flagUnited Arab EmiratesIllegal
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomIllegal

References

Source Pages

  1. Disregard Everything I Say
  2. Erowid
  3. Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
  4. PsychonautWiki
  5. PsychonautWiki: 25x-NBOMe Series
  6. The Drug Classroom
  7. TripSit Factsheet: 25I-NBOMe
  8. TripSit Factsheets
  9. TripSit Wiki
  10. Wikipedia

Citations

  1. Poklis JL, Devers KG, Arbefeville EF, Pearson JM, Houston E, & Poklis A. (2015). Analysis of 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and Other Dimethoxyphenyl-N-[(2-Methoxyphenyl) Methyl]Ethanamine Derivatives on Blotter Paper. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 39(8), 617–623. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkv0731
  2. Anna Rickli, Dino Luethi, Julian Reinisch, Danièle Buchy, Marius C. Hoener, & Matthias E. Liechti. (December 2015). Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs). Neuropharmacology, 99, 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034123
  3. Patricia P. Wadowski, Georgiana-Aura Giurgea, Oliver Schlager, Anton Luf, Thomas Gremmel, Eva-Luise Hobl, Sylvia Unterhumer, Henriette Löffler-Stastka, & Renate Koppensteiner. (2019). Acute Limb Ischemia after Intake of the Phenylethylamine Derivate NBOMe. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph162450711
  4. Simon L. Hill, Tom Doris, Shiv Gurung, Stephen Katebe, Alexander Lomas, Mick Dunn, Peter Blain, & Simon H. L. Thomas. (July 2013). Severe clinical toxicity associated with analytically confirmed recreational use of 25I-NBOMe: case series. Clinical Toxicology, 51(6), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2013.8027951234
  5. Anders Ettrup, Mikael Palner, Nic Gillings, Martin A. Santini, Martin Hansen, Birgitte R. Kornum, Lars K. Rasmussen, Kjell Någren, Jacob Madsen, Mikael Begtrup, & Gitte M. Knudsen. (November 2010). Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 11C-CIMBI-5 as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist radioligand for PET. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 51(11), 1763–1770. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.0740211
  6. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 — Federal Register record. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/latest1
  7. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade/2026-05-28/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
  8. Explanatory Statement—Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade/2026-05-28/es/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
  9. Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 — compilation dated 13 July 2026. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F1996B03651/2026-07-13/2026-07-13/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
  10. Criminal Code Regulations 2019 — compilation C06 dated 13 December 2025. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L00561/2025-12-13/2025-12-13/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1

Article Status

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    Step 1 · Automated synthesis

    An autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.

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    No one has reviewed this article's citations yet. That second pass checks each claim against the source it cites.

Recent changes8 human edits · latest

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2 August 2026

  1. Lyrea · Updated the article

24 January 2026

  1. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  2. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  3. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  4. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  5. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  6. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

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