2-FMA
2-FMA is a synthetic stimulant of the substituted amphetamine class, structurally related to methamphetamine through fluorination at the 2-position.12 Available as a research chemical since approximately 2012, it is frequently compared to lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) for its utility as a productivity and study aid. 2-FMA is generally regarded as less euphoric and less recreationally appealing than traditional amphetamines. Little formal research on the substance exists.2
Contents
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Duration
Subjective Effects
In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 2-FMA is particularly free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset. It is considered to be an extremely functional and effective psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks of any sort. However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity boost and more for recreational purposes due to the intensity of its euphoria and stimulation.
Physical
The physical effects of 2-FMA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.
Cognitive
The cognitive effects of 2-FMA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.
Reagent Testing
Loading reagent data
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
2-FMA has not been formally studied to the same extent as traditional amphetamines, and its precise mechanism of action remains unconfirmed.3 It is believed to function primarily as a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor. 2-FMA does not activate serotonin receptors, including 5-HT2A. Additional activity at VMAT2 and TAAR1 has been suggested but remains unverified.
Pharmacokinetics
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Tolerance
Dopaminergic stimulants
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
ModerateChronic use can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. Compulsive redosing is reported as a potential cognitive effect.
Physical
LowWhen addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. The substance is primarily associated with psychological rather than physical dependence.
Toxicity
Elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, abnormal heartbeat, and vasoconstriction are reported, particularly at doses above the heavy dosage range; infrequent use of common doses likely poses minimal cardiovascular risk for healthy individuals.
Vaporization of 2-FMA is reported to be highly unpleasant and potentially dangerous, as heat can break the carbon-fluoride bond, releasing toxic fluorine-containing products; this risk is specific to vaporization and does not apply to oral or insufflated routes.
Psychosis Risk
Use of amphetamine-class compounds at high dosages for prolonged periods can potentially result in stimulant psychosis presenting with paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions. Anxiety and paranoia typically occur with overly high doses or after redosing and staying awake for extended periods. A review of amphetamine-induced psychosis found approximately 5-15% of users fail to recover completely, though antipsychotic medications effectively resolve symptoms of acute psychosis.4
Seizure Risk
Seizure risk may increase at high doses, though this is not commonly reported at typical use levels.
History & Culture
2-FMA emerged on the online research chemical market in August 2007, appearing alongside other fluorinated amphetamines such as 2-FA and 4-FA.2 That same month, forensic analysis of capsules delivered to Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia revealed the presence of…
Trip Reports
Loading related reports
Preparing section content
Still loading. Refresh if this section does not appear.
Legality
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
- (n.d.). 2-Fluoromethamphetamine (hydrochloride) Product Information. Cayman Chemical. https://cdn.caymanchem.com/cdn/insert/11420.pdf1
- Ayumu Ishii, K Sato, K Kusakabe, N Kato, & T Wada. (2023). Identification and Quantitative Analysis of 2-Fluoromethamphetamine and Its Metabolites in Human Urine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 47(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkac026123
- (2025). Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Article 103617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpet.2025.1036171
- (2009). Treatment for amphetamine psychosis. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003026.pub31
- (n.d.). | legal_UK = Class A | legal_DE = Anlage I <!--Identifiers--> | PubChem = 24257263 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = YV5793W75P | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|CAS. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.04812
- EMCDDA, & Europol. (2013). New drugs in Europe, 2012: EMCDDA-Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.euda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/734/EMCDDA-Europol_2012_Annual_Report_final_439477.pdf1
- Legislative Services Branch. (2022-03-31). Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-9.html1
- Bundesministerium der Justiz. (n.d.). Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz – BtMG) Anlage I (zu § 1 Abs. 1) (nicht verkehrsfähige Betäubungsmittel). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html12
- Bundesministerium der Justiz. (n.d.). Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz – BtMG) § 29 Straftaten. https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html1
- (23 July 2019). Про внесення змін до Закону України "Про обіг в Україні наркотичних засобів, психотропних речовин, їх аналогів і прекурсорів". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/600-2019-%D0%BF1
- (1971). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I1
- (n.d.). Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 — Schedule 4 (Prosecution and punishment of offences). legislation.gov.uk. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/41
- (n.d.). 21 U.S. Code § 813 — Treatment of controlled substance analogues. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/8131
Further Reading
Automated synthesisInformation aggregated and synthesized using an autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins.
Suggest an edit
Spotted a mistake, an outdated claim, or something missing from the 2-FMA article? Send the editors a private note. Feedback lands in a moderation queue and is never shown on the site.