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ETH-LAD
6-Ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide
N-Ethyl-nor-LSD
ETH-LAD is a semisynthetic psychedelic of the lysergamide class and a structural analog of LSD, distinguished by the substitution of an ethyl group in place of the methyl group at the nitrogen of the nor-lysergic acid skeleton.citation needed Its human use was first documented by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL. It is noted for producing modified visual distortion relative to LSD and has been sold as a grey-market research chemical.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~20 µg
Light20-60 µg
Moderate60-100 µg
Strong100-200 µg
Heavy200+ µg
ETH-LAD is considered more potent than LSD on a weight-for-weight basis. User reports suggest that higher doses are associated with more pronounced physical effects, particularly nausea and difficulty regulating body temperature.
Duration
Onset20-40 minutes
Come Up45-90 minutes
Peak4-6 hours
Offset2-4 hours
After Effects8-48 hours
Total8-12 hours
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
Cognitive
Analysis enhancementConceptual thinkingDelusionsDéjà vuEmotion enhancementFeelings of interdependent oppositesImmersion enhancementMemory suppressionEgo deathMultiple thought streamsNovelty enhancementPersonal bias suppressionThought accelerationThought loopsTime distortionUnity and interconnectednessWakefulness
Visual
Distortions
Hallucinatory States
ETH-LAD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. These effects include:
Auditory
See also: Psychedelic Intensity Scale, Effects of psychedelics (visual, cognitive, miscellaneous)
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
ETH-LAD acts as a serotonin receptor agonist with primary activity at the 5-HT2A receptor, where its efficacy is believed to underlie its psychedelic effects. It has been characterized as a partial agonist at this site and demonstrates greater potency and efficacy than LSD in vitro. The compound also binds with high affinity to serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, and with lower affinity to dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors. In rodent drug discrimination assays, ETH-LAD is approximately 1.6 to 2.3 times more potent than LSD. Preclinical research has also identified moderate anti-inflammatory activity.
Pharmacokinetics
In-vitro metabolism of ETH-LAD has been studied. It is metabolised through N6-dealkylation by CYP3A4, N-deethylation by CYP3A4 and hydroxylation by CYP2D6.citation needed
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Full Tolerance
Tolerance to the effects of ETH-LAD develops almost immediately after ingestion.
Baseline Reset
14 days
Half Tolerance
5-7 days
Cross Tolerance
Psychedelics (all serotonergic psychedelics will display reduced effects after ETH-LAD consumption)
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
Extremely LowETH-LAD is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use.citation needed Like most psychedelics, it is generally considered to have a built-in, self-regulating aspect, though isolated cases of abuse have been reported.
Physical
Extremely LowNo physical dependence or withdrawal syndrome has been documented.citation needed As with other lysergamides, physical dependence is not expected to develop.
Psychosis Risk
Psychotic reactions including delusions and severe confusion have been reported primarily in overdose scenarios or when combined with other substances such as cannabis, stimulants, or lithium. At low to moderate doses with appropriate set and setting, psychotic episodes appear to be uncommon.
Seizure Risk
Seizure risk is largely extrapolated from reports associated with LSD use and is thought to mainly affect those who are genetically predisposed,citation needed particularly when accompanied by dehydration, fatigue, or undernourishment. Seizures are described as rare but may occur more readily in overdose situations.
History & Culture
ETH-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by Japanese researcher Tetsukichi Niwaguchi and colleagues in 1976.citation needed Nearly a decade later, American researchers Andrew J. Hoffman and David E. Nichols conducted preclinical pharmacological studies of the compound in 1985,…
Trip Reports
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Legality
By Country
Illegal12
United StatesIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
AustriaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung (NPSV), Anlage II Z 11, read with Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (NPSG) § 445
ETH-LAD is covered by item 11 of Annex II to Austria’s Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung as a derivative of the 9,10-didehydro-ergoline-8-carboxamide basic structure. The provision expressly encompasses substitutions at the amide nitrogen, indole nitrogen, amino nitrogen, or ergoline skeleton, which covers ETH-LAD’s N-ethyl lysergamide structure. Section 4 of the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz makes it an offence, where done for advantage and with intent that the substance be used for a psychoactive effect in the human body, to manufacture, import, export, supply, or procure a substance designated by regulation or within a defined chemical class.
Czech RepublicIllegalETH-LAD is listed in Appendix 4 to Government Regulation No. 463/2013 Coll., on Lists of Addictive Substances. Appendix 4 substances and preparations containing them may be used only for limited research, scientific, and very limited therapeutic purposes specified in a handling permit under the Act on Addictive Substances.
GermanyIllegalETH-LAD is covered by Stoffgruppe 5.2 (Δ9,10-Ergolene) in Anlage 1 to Germany’s Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz. Section 3 prohibits trading in, placing on the market, manufacturing, importing, exporting, acquiring, possessing, and administering covered new psychoactive substances, subject to the Act’s stated exceptions. Section 4 criminalizes specified commercial, supply, and market-placement conduct, while section 3’s possession prohibition is not itself listed among those offences.
LatviaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Narkotisko un psihotropo vielu un zāļu, kā arī prekursoru likumīgās aprites likums, 3. panta trešās daļas 5. punkts13
ETH-LAD is controlled in Latvia as a derivative or structural analogue of a substance included in the national controlled-substances schedules. Article 3(3)(5) of the Law on the Legal Circulation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances and Medicines, and Precursors applies national control to derivatives, isomers, structural analogues, active metabolites, esters, ethers, and salts of substances in Schedules I, II, and III. The statute prohibits the manufacture, import, export, distribution, possession, acquisition, and use of Schedule I substances.
PolandIllegalRegulation of the Minister of Health of 17 August 2018 on the list of psychotropic substances, narcotic drugs and new psychoactive substances, consolidated in Dz.U. 2024 poz. 1139 and amended by Dz.U. 2025 poz. 598 and Dz.U. 2026 poz. 934: Annex 3 (new psychoactive substances), Part 1, item 36 expressly lists ETH-LAD. The Act of 29 July 2005 on counteracting drug addiction (Dz.U. 2023 poz. 1939, current with Dz.U. 2026 poz. 1004) applies NPS offenses and penalties: Arts. 53(1a), 55(1)-(3), 56(1)-(3), 58, 59 and 62b.14151617181920212223
ETH-LAD is expressly named as an NPS in the current schedule, so its legal status is prohibited rather than being covered by an analogue rule. Possession is punishable by a fine under Article 62b(1), with the significant-quantity and possible discontinuance rules in Article 62b(2)-(3); commercial circulation is covered by Article 56 and benefit-motivated supply by Article 59. The 2026 schedule amendment is in force from 28 July 2026 and does not list ETH-LAD among its changes; the 2026 Act amendment entered into force 27 August 2026 and does not alter the cited NPS penalty provisions.
SingaporeIllegalMisuse of Drugs Act 1973, First Schedule24
ETH-LAD is a Class A controlled drug under the First Schedule to Singapore’s Misuse of Drugs Act 1973. The Schedule expressly lists 6-ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide as ETH-LAD among compounds structurally derived from lysergamide. The Act’s controlled-drug offence regime applies to Class A drugs.
SwedenIllegalFörordning (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika25
ETH-LAD is listed in Annex 1 to the Ordinance on the Control of Narcotics and is consequently deemed a narcotic under the Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act. Import and export require authorization under the ordinance.
SwitzerlandIllegalETH-LAD is listed in Verzeichnis d of the Federal Department of Home Affairs’ ordinance on narcotics schedules. Verzeichnis d substances are prohibited controlled substances under the Narcotics Act and may not be cultivated, manufactured, imported, exported, stored, used, or placed on the market. The Federal Office may grant exceptional authorisation for scientific research or limited medical use under the Act.
TurkeyIllegalDecision No. 1335 of 19 July 2019 (published in the Official Gazette on 20 July 2019, No. 30837), made under Article 19 of Law No. 2313 on the Supervision of Narcotic Substances, expressly places ETH-LAD and its specified chemical identity under the Law No. 2313 control regime. Current Turkish criminal provisions in the Ministry of Justice consolidated Turkish Penal Code (TCK) provide: Article 188(1), unauthorized manufacture/import/export of narcotic or stimulant substances, 20–30 years imprisonment and 2,000–20,000 judicial-days fine; Article 188(3), unauthorized domestic sale, offer, giving, dispatch, transport, storage, purchase, receipt or possession, at least 10 years imprisonment and 1,000–20,000 judicial-days fine; Article 191(1), purchase, receipt, possession or use for personal use, 2–5 years imprisonment, subject to the Article 191 deferred-prosecution, supervision and treatment provisions. The later 2026 control decisions (No. 10851, 10 January 2026, and No. 11418, 13 June 2026) add other substances and do not repeal or amend the express ETH-LAD listing.28293031323334
Article 188 covers unauthorized manufacture/import/export and domestic trafficking conduct, while Article 191 addresses personal-use purchase, receipt, possession or use with statutory deferred-prosecution and supervision rules. ETH-LAD is expressly named in Decision No. 1335, using a chemical designation equivalent to the UNODC identity; coverage does not depend on LSD. The January and June 2026 Article 19 decisions add other substances and do not repeal the 2019 ETH-LAD entry. The Ministry of Justice's latest official consolidated text includes the operative 2023 amendments to TCK Articles 188 and 191.
UkraineIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 770 of 6 May 2000, List No. 2 of Table I; Law of Ukraine No. 60/95-VR, Article 1 and Article 133536
ETH-LAD is covered as an analogue of LSD under Ukraine’s drug-control law. List No. 2 of Table I to Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 770 lists LSD as a particularly dangerous psychotropic substance whose circulation is prohibited, and its note also includes homologues of listed psychotropic substances. Ukrainian law prohibits the circulation of substances not named in the list when their chemical structure and properties are similar to a listed psychotropic substance and they reproduce its psychoactive effect, except for the specified scientific and forensic purposes.
References
Source Pages
Citations
- Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Westphal F, Elliott SP, Wallach J, Stratford A, Nichols DE, & Halberstadt AL. (2017). Return of the lysergamides. Part III: Analytical characterization of N6-ethyl-6-norlysergic acid diethylamide (ETH-LAD) and 1-propionyl ETH-LAD (1P-ETH-LAD). Drug Testing and Analysis, 9(10), 1641-1649. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.21961
- Andrew J. Hoffman, & David E. Nichols. (September 1985). Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 28(9), 1252–1255. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00147a0221
- Structure-activity relationships of the classic hallucinogens and their analogs. NIDA Res Monogr, 146, 74–91 (1994). https://archives.nida.nih.gov/sites/default/files/monograph146.pdf#page=791
- Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung (NPSV), Anlage II Z 11, read with Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (NPSG) § 4. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40261441/II_106_2024_Anlage_II.pdf1
- Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung (NPSV), Anlage II Z 11, read with Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (NPSG) § 4. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/eli/bgbl/i/2011/146/P4/NOR401344471
- Government Regulation No. 463/2013 Coll., on Lists of Addictive Substances, as amended. aplikace.mvcr.cz (n.d.). https://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/ViewFile.aspx?type=z&id=265081
- Government Regulation No. 463/2013 Coll., on Lists of Addictive Substances, as amended. aplikace.mvcr.cz (n.d.). https://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/ViewFile.aspx?type=z&id=616371
- Government Regulation No. 463/2013 Coll., on Lists of Addictive Substances, as amended. aplikace.mvcr.cz (n.d.). https://aplikace.mvcr.cz/sbirka-zakonu/ViewFile.aspx?type=z&id=352031
- Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG), Anlage 1, Stoffgruppe 5.2. gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage_1.html1
- Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG), Anlage 1, Stoffgruppe 5.2. gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html1
Further Reading
Article Status
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Recent changes8 human edits · latest
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31 July 2026
14 July 2026
Lyrea · Updated the article
24 January 2026
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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