WARNINGREDOSING CAN TRIGGER PSYCHOSIS
PCP-like dissociatives can cause mania, paranoia, or psychosis that outlasts the high. High doses, redosing, and sleep loss raise the risk.
3-MeO-PCP
3-MeO-PCP is a dissociative hallucinogen of the arylcyclohexylamine class and a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP).1 First synthesized in 1979 during an investigation of PCP derivatives, it emerged as a widely used novel psychoactive substance in the 2010s. Compared to other dissociatives, it is notably more physically stimulating and prone to producing hypomanic-type effects that, while potentially euphoric at lower doses, can become dangerous at higher amounts. It is considered habit-forming.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Strong and heavy doses can produce deliriant-like effects in which users may not recognize that their perceptions and thoughts are hallucinatory; psychosis-like symptoms and mania are reported in this range.
Duration
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
Cognitive
Visual
Distortions
Enhancements
Auditory
See also: Dissociative Intensity Scale, Subjective Effects of Dissociatives
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
3-MeO-PCP acts primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist, binding to the dizocilpine (MK-801) site with a Ki of 20 nM.citation needed This represents higher NMDA receptor affinity than PCP and the highest among the three isomeric methoxy-substituted PCP analogs. Beyond NMDA receptor antagonism, 3-MeO-PCP shows appreciable affinity for the sigma-1 receptor (Ki = 42 nM) and the serotonin transporter (Ki = 216 nM)2, functioning as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, with additional low-affinity binding at the histamine H1 receptor (Ki = 2,960 nM). Findings at secondary targets including the κ-opioid receptor, sigma-2 receptor, norepinephrine transporter, and dopamine transporter are conflicting between studies, with one reporting negligible binding (Ki >10,000 nM) and another reporting moderate affinities at these sites.
Pharmacokinetics
3-MeO-PCP has an estimated elimination half-life of 10 to 11 hours based on limited clinical case data.2 It undergoes hepatic metabolism through hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl and piperidine rings and O-demethylation, with these reactions primarily catalyzed by CYP2B6 and with contributions from CYP2C19 and CYP2D6.citation needed O-demethylation yields 3-HO-PCP (O-demethyl-3-MeO-PCP), which appears to be a major metabolite3 and is itself a similarly potent dissociative that may contribute to the overall effects. Phase II metabolism involves glucuronidation.4
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Dissociatives
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
HighHigh abuse potential with significant risk of psychological dependence, reported as more likely to produce dependence than other dissociatives.citation needed Compulsive redosing is a notable problem, particularly with intranasal and vaporized routes of administration due to faster onset and offset. Multiple reports document users becoming seriously dependent on this substance.
Physical
LowPhysical dependence can develop with chronic use. Cravings and withdrawal effects may occur upon sudden cessation.
Toxicity
Repeated and excessive use over extended periods may cause bladder and urinary tract problems similar to those seen with ketamine, though potentially to a lesser extent due to lower quantities needed for effect; symptoms can include urinary frequency, urgency, pelvic pain, hematuria, and incontinence.citation needed
Acute cardiovascular effects include increased blood pressure and heart rate during intoxication,1 reported as more pronounced than with other dissociatives; abnormal heartbeat has also been reported.citation needed
Frequent use or high doses may cause neurotoxicity, as reported for arylcyclohexylamine class dissociatives generally; acute effects include confusion, disorientation, and cognitive impairment.citation needed
Respiratory depression has been reported at heavier dosage levels.citation needed
Psychosis Risk
Reported to cause psychosis, delusions, and mania at significantly higher rates than other dissociatives such as ketamine, MXE, or diphenidine.citation needed A large number of experience reports describe psychotic delirium, amnesia, mania, and other serious consequences. Episodes typically occur during the offset but can emerge during onset. Hospitalization is sometimes required, with resolution occasionally taking a week or more. Risk factors include high doses, multi-day use, compulsive redosing, sleep deprivation, and chronic daily use even at low doses over weeks or months.
Seizure Risk
The extent to which seizures can occur is unknown, but they may happen in predisposed individuals, particularly under physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, fatigue, or undernourishment.citation needed
History & Culture
Synthesis and Early Research
3-MeO-PCP was first synthesized in 1979 by Geneste and colleagues during an investigation into phencyclidine derivatives.citation needed This work followed earlier research by Maddox et al. in 1965, which had produced the related compounds 2-MeO-PCP and 4-MeO-PCP as part of an exploration into…
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Legality
International
1961 Single Convention: 3-MeO-PCP is not individually scheduled.
1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: 3-MeO-PCP is not individually scheduled.
1988 Convention: 3-MeO-PCP is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
- Intoxication with 3-MeO-PCP alone: A case report and literature review. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1097/md.000000000001829512
- WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. (20 October 2020). Critical Review Report: 3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP). World Health Organization, 1-25. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/43rd-ecdd/3-meo-pcp-finalreport-a.pdf?sfvrsn=8c513cd7_21234
- Arbouche N, Kintz P, Zagdoun C, Gheddar L, Raul JS, & Ameline A. (2021). Determination of 3-MeO-PCP in human blood and urine in a fatal intoxication case, with a specific focus on metabolites identification. Forensic Sciences Research, 7(3), 450-458. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.19288211
- Michely JAA, Manier KM, Caspar AT, Brandt SD, Wallach J, & Maurer HH. (2017). New Psychoactive Substances 3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) and 3-Methoxyrolicyclidine (3-MeO-PCPy): Metabolic Fate Elucidated with Rat Urine and Human Liver Preparations and their Detectability in Urine by GC-MS, LC-(High Resolution)-MSn and LC-(High Resolution)-MS/MS. Current Neuropharmacology, 15(5), 692-712. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x1466616101815171612345
- Maddox VH, Godefroi EF, & Parcell RF. (1965). The Synthesis of Phencyclidine and Other 1-Arylcyclohexylamines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 8(2), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00326a0191
- Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), s 301.9 – Drug analogue definition. Federal Register of Legislation (Australia) (2007). https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2007C004081
- Austria Suchtgiftverordnung, Annex IV.1 (RIS consolidated PDF updated 10 July 2026). ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Bundesnormen/NOR40267455/NOR40267455.pdf1
- Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada – RDC nº 227, de 17/05/2018 (ANVISA, List F2). ANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency) (2018). https://anvisalegis.datalegis.net/action/ActionDatalegis.php?acao=detalharAto&tipo=RDC&numeroAto=00000227&seqAto=000&valorAno=2018&orgao=RDC/DC/ANVISA/MS&nomeTitulo=codigos&desItem=&desItemFim=&cod_modulo=134&cod_menu=16961
- Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, Schedule I arylcyclohexylamine provision. laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/section-sched95602.html1
- 1-(1-(3-Methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine | C18H27NO | CID 11778080. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (n.d.). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/117780801
Further Reading
Article Status
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Recent changes8 human edits · latest
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4 August 2026
Lyrea · Updated the article
24 January 2026
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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