Hydrocodone

Dihydrocodeinone

Vicodin, Norco, Lortab, Lorcet, Zohydro ER

Psychoactive Class

Chemical Class

Hydrocodone is a semi-synthetic opioid of the morphinan class, derived from codeine.¹² First synthesized in Germany in 1920 by Carl Mannich and Helene Löwenheim,³ it is used primarily as an analgesic and cough suppressant.¹ Hydrocodone is almost exclusively prescribed within the United States, where it is most commonly formulated in combination with acetaminophen or ibuprofen.¹⁴ The presence of acetaminophen in most preparations poses a significant risk of liver toxicity at high doses.²

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Threshold~3 mg

Light5-10 mg

Moderate10-25 mg

Strong25-40 mg

Heavy40+ mg

Bioavailability

~25%

Duration

Onset10-30 minutes

After Effects1-12 hours

Total4-6 hours

Half-life

3.3-4.4 hours

Subjective Effects

The hydrocodone experience is dominated by classic opioid effects: pain relief, mood elevation, and a warm, relaxed euphoria accompanied by sedation. Sensory alteration is minimal; instead, the experience centers on physical comfort and an emotionally contented, mentally clouded state. At higher doses, sedation deepens into drowsiness and respiratory depression becomes a serious risk.

Physical

Pronounced analgesia and muscle relaxation form the core of the body experience, accompanied by sedation and itchiness. Uncomfortable effects such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, light-headedness, and dry mouth are common.

Pupil constriction

Cognitive

The headspace is characterized by an improved and abnormally happy mood alongside mental clouding, with noticeable changes in focus and attention. Some users instead experience anxiety or a shift toward a low mood.

Emotional

Mood elevation is a defining feature, though anxiety and abnormal sadness are also reported.

Anxiety

Suppressions

Thought deceleration

Reagent Testing

Loading reagent data

Expected colorimetric results are being prepared.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocodone is a highly selective full agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), which constitutes its primary pharmacological target.⁵ It also acts as an agonist at the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), though with substantially lower affinity; its affinity at DOR is approximately six-fold less than at MOR. Through these receptor interactions, hydrocodone inhibits pain signaling in both the spinal cord and brain.⁵ It is reported to be approximately one-tenth as potent as morphine at binding to opioid receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

Hydrocodone is available only as an oral medication, with an estimated oral bioavailability of approximately 25%.⁶ It is metabolized in the liver through multiple pathways: CYP2D6 catalyzes O-demethylation to hydromorphone (a more potent active metabolite with approximately 5-fold higher MOR binding affinity), while CYP3A4 catalyzes N-demethylation to norhydrocodone, the major metabolite.⁷⁵ Despite its higher receptor affinity, hydromorphone is not generally present in sufficient quantities to contribute significantly to the effects of hydrocodone. Norhydrocodone is a MOR agonist with similar receptor potency to hydrocodone but appears to produce minimal analgesia due to poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier.⁸ Approximately 40% of hydrocodone metabolism is attributed to non-cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions.⁷ Hydrocodone and its metabolites also undergo 6-ketoreduction and glucuronide conjugation, with urinary excretion (primarily as conjugates) representing the main elimination route.⁵ The average plasma elimination half-life is reported as 3.8 hours (range 3.3–4.4 hours), though values of 7–9 hours have also been reported.⁵⁹ Plasma protein binding ranges from 20 to 50%.⁶

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AlcoholBenzodiazepinesCocaineDXMGHB/GBLKetamineMXEPregabalinTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

Diphenhydramine

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

AmphetaminesMAOIsMephedroneNitrous oxidePCP

TripSit

Tolerance

Full Tolerance

With prolonged and repeated use, tolerance can develop to many hydrocodone effects, including therapeutic ones. As tolerance increases, larger doses may be required to obtain comparable effects. The timeline varies by effect, with constipation-related tolerance emerging especially slowly compared with analgesic and euphoric effects.

Baseline Reset

1-2 weeks

Half Tolerance

3-7 days

Cross Tolerance

Opioids (all opioid receptor agonists)

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Hydrocodone has significant abuse potential with abuse liability similar to morphine.¹⁰ Compulsive redosing is commonly reported, and chronic use is considered moderately to highly addictive with capability of causing psychological dependence.²

Physical

High

Physical dependence develops with chronic use,² and withdrawal symptoms occur upon sudden cessation.² Newborns of mothers taking opioid medications regularly will be physically dependent at birth.² Tolerance develops to many effects with prolonged use, requiring increasingly large doses.²

Toxicity

Respiratory

Dose-related respiratory depression is the primary life-threatening toxicity;² at high doses or overdose this can progress to shallow or stopped breathing, anoxia, and death, particularly when combined with other CNS depressants.

Hepatic

Hydrocodone alone does not cause significant hepatotoxicity, but pharmaceutical preparations commonly contain acetaminophen which can cause serious liver damage or acute liver failure at high doses or with repeated use, particularly when combined with alcohol.²

Auditory

Progressive bilateral hearing loss unresponsive to steroid therapy has been described as an infrequent adverse reaction to hydrocodone/acetaminophen misuse.¹¹

Cardiovascular

Serious cardiovascular effects including bradycardia, hypotension, and QT prolongation may occur, primarily in overdose situations or at heavy doses.²

Gastrointestinal

Constipation is a consistent effect that occurs even at therapeutic doses; tolerance to this effect develops particularly slowly compared to other opioid effects.

Seizure Risk

Seizures are listed as a serious side effect and symptom of overdose;² they are not commonly reported at typical doses but may occur in overdose situations.

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Hydrocodone was first synthesized in Germany in 1920 by chemists Carl Mannich and Helene Löwenheim as a semi-synthetic derivative of codeine.¹³ The compound was patented in 1923 and first marketed by the pharmaceutical company Knoll under the trade name Dicodid…

Legality

International

Hydrocodone is listed in Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is not listed under the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is not listed under the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

By Country

United StatesIllegalSchedule II

Schedule II, Controlled Substances Act (21 CFR 1308.12)⁶⁷

As of October 6, 2014, all hydrocodone products are designated Schedule II controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act.¹⁸ Prior to this date, combination products containing 15 mg or less per dosage unit were classified as Schedule III.¹⁸ Prescriptions cannot be refilled and require a new written prescription for each fill.¹⁸

By state

Across the 50 states, D.C., and the permanent territories, most jurisdictions treat Hydrocodone consistently with federal control; listed entries record independently verified differences in state classification or coverage.

Alaska

Prescription onlySchedule IA / IIIA

Delaware

RestrictedSchedule II / III

AustriaIllegalAnhang I

Suchtgiftverordnung, Anhang I²¹

Regulated under the Austrian Suchtmittelgesetz (SMG) in a similar manner to Germany.²² Since 2002, hydrocodone products from Germany and elsewhere in the European Union have been available under Article 76 of the Schengen Treaty.

BrazilPrescription onlyLista A1

Portaria SVS/MS nº 344/1998, Anexo I, as updated by RDC Anvisa nº 1.036, de 9 de julho de 2026²⁶²⁷

ANVISA's current controlled-substances update lists hidrocodona at item 44 of Lista A1, the list of narcotic substances subject to Notificação de Receita A. Hydrocodone is therefore subject to Brazil's special prescription-control regime.

ChilePrescription onlyEstupefaciente

Supreme Decree No. 404 of 1983, Reglamento de Estupefacientes³⁰

Dihidrocodeinona (hidrocodona) and its salts are listed as narcotics in Chile. Their sanitary control is governed by the Reglamento de Estupefacientes.

DenmarkPrescription onlyListe B

Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer (BEK nr. 405 af 26/03/2026), Liste B, nr. 227³³

Denmark lists Hydrocodon INN at item 227 of Liste B in the current order on euphoriant substances. Liste B substances may be used only for medical and scientific purposes; the order permits patient receipt under a valid prescription or requisition and controls other handling through the regulatory framework.

FranceProhibited narcoticCitation needed

Classified as a prohibited narcotic substance. Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in France.

IndonesiaRestrictedGolongan II

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Penggolongan Narkotika, Lampiran B (Daftar Narkotika Golongan II), item 33³⁸³⁹

Indonesia's current Ministry of Health classification lists Hidrokodona (dihidrokodeinona) as item 33 of the Group II narcotics schedule. The regulation describes Group II narcotics as medicines used as a last option that may be used in therapy and/or scientific development and that have a high potential for dependence; it does not itself establish the availability or dispensing conditions of a particular hydrocodone product.

JapanPrescription onlyNarcotic

Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, Appended Table I, item 22; Articles 2 and 27⁴¹

Japan's Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act lists dihydrocodeinone (also known as hydrocodone), its esters, and their salts in Appended Table I. Article 2 defines substances in that table as narcotics, and Article 27 reserves narcotic prescriptions and administration for licensed narcotic practitioners, subject to the Act's stated exceptions. A narcotic practitioner may perform those acts only for treatment of disease except where the Act provides otherwise.

MexicoPrescription onlyEstupefaciente

Ley General de Salud, arts. 234 and 240–242⁴²

Requires a valid prescription for legal acquisition. Not available over-the-counter despite contrary rumors.

New ZealandIllegalClass B controlled drug

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, Schedule 2, Part 3; sections 5–6⁴⁵⁴⁶

New Zealand's current Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 lists hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) as a Class B controlled drug in Schedule 2, Part 3. Sections 5 and 6 make unauthorised possession, use, manufacture, supply, and administration of controlled drugs offences, subject to the Act's stated authorisations and exceptions. The Act therefore supports a prohibited status for unauthorised hydrocodone activities; its Schedule 2 listing alone does not establish a prescription-only classification.

PortugalDecriminalizedTabela I-A

Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93, Tabela I-A, as republished by Lei n.º 25/2021; Lei n.º 30/2000, artigo 2.º, as amended by Lei n.º 55/2023^49505152

Hidrocodona is named in Tabela I-A of the controlled-substances tables republished by Lei n.º 25/2021. Under article 2(1) of Lei n.º 30/2000, consumption and acquisition or possession for personal use of substances in Tables I to IV are administrative offences; since Lei n.º 55/2023, an amount above ten days' average individual use is evidence that the purpose may not be personal use, but does not automatically exclude that regime. The personal-use rule does not remove hydrocodone from Tabela I-A or authorize trafficking or other unauthorized handling.

South KoreaIllegalAnnex 1

Narcotics Control Act Enforcement Decree, Annex 1, item 10; Narcotics Control Act, Article 4⁵⁴⁵⁵

South Korea lists 히드로코돈 (Hydrocodone) in Annex 1 to the current Enforcement Decree as a narcotic. Under Article 4 of the Narcotics Control Act, a person who is not a narcotics handler may not possess, own, use, transport, manage, import, export, manufacture, dispense, administer, transfer, sell, solicit a sale of, or provide a narcotic; limited statutory exceptions include possession after administration by a narcotics-handling medical practitioner or acquisition from a narcotics retailer. Hydrocodone is therefore prohibited outside the Act's authorized pathways, rather than merely a product-specific prescription-only medicine.

SwedenNot availableCitation needed

Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in Sweden. The last remaining formulation was deregistered in 1967.

TurkeyPrescription onlyCetvel I

Uyuşturucu Maddelere Dair 1961 Tek Sözleşmesi (Karar Sayısı: 6/7732)⁶¹⁶²

Hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) is listed in Cetvel I (Schedule I) of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs published with Turkey’s accession decision No. 6/7732. The Convention limits the production, manufacture, import, export, distribution, trade, use, and possession of listed drugs to medical and scientific purposes. Law No. 2313 confines the retail sale of narcotic drugs to pharmacies against a prescription.

United KingdomIllegalClass A

Schedule 2, Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001; Class A, Misuse of Drugs Act 1971⁶⁴⁶⁵

Listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971⁶⁶ and Schedule 2 under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations.⁶⁵ Hydrocodone is not available for medical use in the UK; dihydrocodeine formulations are commonly used as alternatives.

AustraliaLegal (regulated)Schedule 8

Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026²⁰

Classified as a controlled drug requiring a prescription. Schedule 8 substances are considered drugs of addiction with recognized therapeutic use.

BelgiumPrescription onlyAnnexe IA

Arrêté royal du 6 septembre 2017 réglementant les substances stupéfiantes et psychotropes²³²⁴²⁵

Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in Belgium.

CanadaIllegalSchedule I

Schedule I, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act²⁸

Controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.²⁹ Available only by prescription, both as a single-ingredient formulation and in proprietary combinations with NSAIDs or paracetamol.

ChinaPrescription onlyMedicinal narcotic drug (药用类麻醉药品)

National Medical Products Administration, Ministry of Public Security, and National Health Commission Announcement No. 55 of 2025 — Medicinal Narcotic Drugs Catalogue (2025 edition)³¹³²

Hydrocodone (氢可酮) is item 14 of China's current Medicinal Narcotic Drugs Catalogue. The current narcotic-drug regulation places listed medicinal narcotic drugs under state control and limits prescribing to qualified physicians in authorized medical institutions using special prescriptions.

FinlandIllegalNarcotic (Annex I)

Government Decree 543/2008, Annex I; Narcotics Act 373/2008, section 5³⁴³⁵

Finland's current Annex I lists Hydrokodoni (dihydrokodeinoni) as a narcotic. Section 5 of the Narcotics Act prohibits the production, manufacture, import, export, transport, distribution, trade, handling, possession, and use of narcotics, subject to separately provided medical, research, supervisory, and industrial exceptions.

GermanyIllegalAnlage III

Anlage III, Betäubungsmittelgesetz³⁶

Listed under Anlage III of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act) as a Suchtgift.³⁶ Can only be prescribed using a special narcotic prescription form (Betäubungsmittelrezept).³⁷

IrelandPrescription onlySchedule 2

Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 173/2017)⁴⁰

Hydrocodone is listed in Schedule 2 to Ireland's Misuse of Drugs Regulations. Its possession, supply, and prescribing are regulated under Ireland's controlled-drugs framework.

LuxembourgPrescription onlyCitation needed

Available by prescription under the trade name Biocodone. Prescriptions are more commonly issued for use as a cough suppressant (antitussive) rather than for pain relief.

NetherlandsIllegalLijst I

Lijst I, Opiumwet⁴³

Classified as a List I substance under the Opium Law (Opiumwet).⁴⁴ Hydrocodone is not available for medical use and possession without a prescription or license is illegal.

PhilippinesPrescription onlyDangerous drug

Philippine Schedules of Dangerous Drugs, Annex A⁴⁷⁴⁸

Hydrocodone is listed in the Philippine Schedules of Dangerous Drugs. It is regulated under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act framework.

RussiaSchedule ICitation needed

Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under Russian drug control legislation.⁵³

SpainPrescription onlyLista I

Ley 17/1967, de 8 de abril, sobre estupefacientes, arts. 2.1 and 19.1, applying Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention⁵⁶⁵⁷

The International Narcotics Control Board's Yellow List identifies hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) as a substance in Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention. Under Spain's Law 17/1967, substances in that Schedule are narcotics; preparations for human or veterinary use may be sold or dispensed to the public only through licensed pharmacies on official therapeutic-dose prescriptions.

SwitzerlandPrescription onlyVerzeichnis a

Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien (Betäubungsmittelverzeichnisverordnung, BetmVV-EDI; SR 812.121.11), Anhang 2⁵⁸⁵⁹

Listed as a controlled substance under Verzeichnis A of Swiss narcotics legislation.⁶⁰ Medicinal use is permitted with appropriate authorization.

UkraineRestrictedList No. 1

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Resolution No. 770 of 6 May 2000, Table II, List No. 1⁶³

Ukraine lists hydrocodone in Table II, List No. 1 of its official narcotic-drugs schedule. The list describes narcotic drugs and plants whose circulation is restricted; this schedule text establishes a controlled-substances restriction but does not itself state a prescription-only exception.

References

Source Pages

Citations

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Information aggregated and synthesized using an autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins.

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Hydrocodone

Dihydrocodeinone

Vicodin, Norco, Lortab, Lorcet, Zohydro ER

Psychoactive Class

Opioid Depressant

Chemical Class

Morphinan (substituted)

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Threshold~3 mg

Light5-10 mg

Moderate10-25 mg

Strong25-40 mg

Heavy40+ mg

Bioavailability

~25%

Duration

Onset10-30 minutes

After Effects1-12 hours

Total4-6 hours

Half-life

3.3-4.4 hours

Subjective Effects

Physical

Pupil constriction

Cardiovascular

Decreased blood pressure

Sedation

Muscle relaxation

Uncomfortable

ConstipationDry mouth Difficulty urinating

Cognitive

Emotional

Mood elevation is a defining feature, though anxiety and abnormal sadness are also reported.

Anxiety

Suppressions

Thought deceleration

Reagent Testing

Loading reagent data

Expected colorimetric results are being prepared.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AlcoholBenzodiazepinesCocaineDXMGHB/GBLKetamineMXEPregabalinTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

Diphenhydramine

Caution

Use caution

AmphetaminesMAOIsMephedroneNitrous oxidePCP

TripSit

Tolerance

Full Tolerance

Baseline Reset

1-2 weeks

Half Tolerance

3-7 days

Cross Tolerance

Opioids (all opioid receptor agonists)

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Physical

High

Toxicity

Respiratory

Hepatic

Auditory

Progressive bilateral hearing loss unresponsive to steroid therapy has been described as an infrequent adverse reaction to hydrocodone/acetaminophen misuse.¹¹

Cardiovascular

Serious cardiovascular effects including bradycardia, hypotension, and QT prolongation may occur, primarily in overdose situations or at heavy doses.²

Gastrointestinal

Constipation is a consistent effect that occurs even at therapeutic doses; tolerance to this effect develops particularly slowly compared to other opioid effects.

Seizure Risk

Seizures are listed as a serious side effect and symptom of overdose;² they are not commonly reported at typical doses but may occur in overdose situations.

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

By Country

United StatesIllegalSchedule II

Schedule II, Controlled Substances Act (21 CFR 1308.12)⁶⁷

By state

Alaska

Prescription onlySchedule IA / IIIA

Delaware

RestrictedSchedule II / III

AustriaIllegalAnhang I

Suchtgiftverordnung, Anhang I²¹

BrazilPrescription onlyLista A1

Portaria SVS/MS nº 344/1998, Anexo I, as updated by RDC Anvisa nº 1.036, de 9 de julho de 2026²⁶²⁷

ChilePrescription onlyEstupefaciente

Supreme Decree No. 404 of 1983, Reglamento de Estupefacientes³⁰

Dihidrocodeinona (hidrocodona) and its salts are listed as narcotics in Chile. Their sanitary control is governed by the Reglamento de Estupefacientes.

DenmarkPrescription onlyListe B

Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer (BEK nr. 405 af 26/03/2026), Liste B, nr. 227³³

FranceProhibited narcoticCitation needed

Classified as a prohibited narcotic substance. Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in France.

IndonesiaRestrictedGolongan II

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 15 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Penggolongan Narkotika, Lampiran B (Daftar Narkotika Golongan II), item 33³⁸³⁹

JapanPrescription onlyNarcotic

Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act, Appended Table I, item 22; Articles 2 and 27⁴¹

MexicoPrescription onlyEstupefaciente

Ley General de Salud, arts. 234 and 240–242⁴²

Requires a valid prescription for legal acquisition. Not available over-the-counter despite contrary rumors.

New ZealandIllegalClass B controlled drug

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, Schedule 2, Part 3; sections 5–6⁴⁵⁴⁶

PortugalDecriminalizedTabela I-A

Decreto-Lei n.º 15/93, Tabela I-A, as republished by Lei n.º 25/2021; Lei n.º 30/2000, artigo 2.º, as amended by Lei n.º 55/2023^49505152

South KoreaIllegalAnnex 1

Narcotics Control Act Enforcement Decree, Annex 1, item 10; Narcotics Control Act, Article 4⁵⁴⁵⁵

SwedenNot availableCitation needed

Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in Sweden. The last remaining formulation was deregistered in 1967.

TurkeyPrescription onlyCetvel I

Uyuşturucu Maddelere Dair 1961 Tek Sözleşmesi (Karar Sayısı: 6/7732)⁶¹⁶²

United KingdomIllegalClass A

Schedule 2, Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001; Class A, Misuse of Drugs Act 1971⁶⁴⁶⁵

AustraliaLegal (regulated)Schedule 8

Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026²⁰

Classified as a controlled drug requiring a prescription. Schedule 8 substances are considered drugs of addiction with recognized therapeutic use.

BelgiumPrescription onlyAnnexe IA

Arrêté royal du 6 septembre 2017 réglementant les substances stupéfiantes et psychotropes²³²⁴²⁵

Hydrocodone is no longer available for medical use in Belgium.

CanadaIllegalSchedule I

Schedule I, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act²⁸

Controlled under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.²⁹ Available only by prescription, both as a single-ingredient formulation and in proprietary combinations with NSAIDs or paracetamol.

ChinaPrescription onlyMedicinal narcotic drug (药用类麻醉药品)

National Medical Products Administration, Ministry of Public Security, and National Health Commission Announcement No. 55 of 2025 — Medicinal Narcotic Drugs Catalogue (2025 edition)³¹³²

FinlandIllegalNarcotic (Annex I)

Government Decree 543/2008, Annex I; Narcotics Act 373/2008, section 5³⁴³⁵

GermanyIllegalAnlage III

Anlage III, Betäubungsmittelgesetz³⁶

Listed under Anlage III of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz (Narcotics Act) as a Suchtgift.³⁶ Can only be prescribed using a special narcotic prescription form (Betäubungsmittelrezept).³⁷

IrelandPrescription onlySchedule 2

Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2017 (S.I. No. 173/2017)⁴⁰

Hydrocodone is listed in Schedule 2 to Ireland's Misuse of Drugs Regulations. Its possession, supply, and prescribing are regulated under Ireland's controlled-drugs framework.

LuxembourgPrescription onlyCitation needed

Available by prescription under the trade name Biocodone. Prescriptions are more commonly issued for use as a cough suppressant (antitussive) rather than for pain relief.

NetherlandsIllegalLijst I

Lijst I, Opiumwet⁴³

Classified as a List I substance under the Opium Law (Opiumwet).⁴⁴ Hydrocodone is not available for medical use and possession without a prescription or license is illegal.

PhilippinesPrescription onlyDangerous drug

Philippine Schedules of Dangerous Drugs, Annex A⁴⁷⁴⁸

Hydrocodone is listed in the Philippine Schedules of Dangerous Drugs. It is regulated under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act framework.

RussiaSchedule ICitation needed

Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under Russian drug control legislation.⁵³

SpainPrescription onlyLista I

Ley 17/1967, de 8 de abril, sobre estupefacientes, arts. 2.1 and 19.1, applying Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention⁵⁶⁵⁷

SwitzerlandPrescription onlyVerzeichnis a

Listed as a controlled substance under Verzeichnis A of Swiss narcotics legislation.⁶⁰ Medicinal use is permitted with appropriate authorization.

UkraineRestrictedList No. 1

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Resolution No. 770 of 6 May 2000, Table II, List No. 1⁶³

References

Source Pages

Citations

Automated synthesis
Information aggregated and synthesized using an autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins.

Suggest an edit

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Hydrocodone

Contents

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Duration

Subjective Effects

Physical

Cardiovascular

Sedation

Uncomfortable

Cognitive

Emotional

Suppressions

Reagent Testing

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Unsafe

Caution

Tolerance

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Physical

Toxicity

Seizure Risk

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

By Country

References

Source Pages

Citations

Suggest an edit

Hydrocodone

Contents

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Duration

Subjective Effects

Physical

Cardiovascular

Sedation

Uncomfortable

Cognitive

Emotional

Suppressions

Reagent Testing

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Interactions

Dangerous

Unsafe

Caution

Tolerance

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Physical

Toxicity

Seizure Risk

History & Culture

Synthesis and Early Development

Legality

International

By Country

References

Source Pages

Citations

Suggest an edit