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Flubromazolam

Flubromazolam molecule structureFlubromazolam molecule structure
Flubromazolam
JYI-73, Liquid Xanax

Flubromazolam is a novel synthetic depressant of the triazolobenzodiazepine class that produces anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnestic effects. It is exceptionally potent, with activity in the microgram range, and possesses an unusually long duration of action. These properties pose heightened risks compared to other designer benzodiazepines, as strong sedation and amnesia can occur even at very low threshold doses. It has not been formally studied and is available exclusively through research chemical vendors.citation needed

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold~100 µg
Light100-150 µg
Moderate150-250 µg
Strong250-400 µg
Heavy400+ µg

This substance is exceptionally potent, and life-threatening adverse effects have been documented at doses as low as 3 mg.

Duration

Onset20-45 minutes
After Effects6-24 hours
Total12-18 hours

Subjective Effects

Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.

Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.

Physical

The physical effects of flubromazolam can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.

Cognitive

The cognitive effects of flubromazolam can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of flubromazolam is described by many as one of intense sedation and decreased inhibition. It contains a large number of typical depressant cognitive effects.

Forked from Subjective Effect Documentation byJosie Kins August 2015.

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Zimm(ZI)
white → white1 → yellow1
Marquis(MQ)
No reaction
No reaction
Mecke(ME)
No reaction
No reaction
Mandelin(MD)
No reaction
No reaction
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Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Flubromazolam has not been extensively characterized in formal pharmacological studies, and its presumed mechanism of action is largely inferred from its structural classification as a triazolobenzodiazepine. Like other benzodiazepines, it is expected to act as a positive allosteric modulator at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA-A receptors, enhancing the inhibitory signaling of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system.1 The anticonvulsant properties observed with benzodiazepines may also involve binding to voltage-gated sodium channels. Flubromazolam is notably potent, with activity reported in the microgram range.

Pharmacokinetics

Predominant biotransformations of flubromazolam were hydroxylation, dihydroxylation and O-glucuronidation and combinations of these. Flubromazolam was also directly conjugated to yield an N+-glucuronide. Dehalogenated metabolites or other phase II reactions other than glucuronidation were not detected.2

Metabolitesnone documented yet

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AlcoholGHB/GBLOpioidsTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

DXMKetamineMXE
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Tolerance

Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.

Full Tolerance
Tolerance to sedative-hypnotic effects can emerge quickly, often after only a few days of uninterrupted use.
Cross Tolerance

Benzodiazepines (all)

Baseline Reset
Tolerance returns to baseline within 7-14 days after cessation of use. However, following prolonged or intensive use, this recovery period may be significantly extended in proportion to the duration and intensity of prior consumption.

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Flubromazolam is described as extremely psychologically addictive. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported,citation needed and cycles of dependence can readily develop from rebound anxiety that follows the substance's effects wearing off.

Physical

Extremely High

Physical dependence develops with regular use and can become life-threatening. Abrupt discontinuation after weeks of steady dosing can result in hypertension, seizures, and death.citation needed Gradual tapering over a prolonged period is essential for safe discontinuation.

Toxicity

Respiratory

Respiratory depression occurs as a direct pharmacological effect with severity proportional to dose; this becomes potentially fatal when combined with other CNS depressants but rarely causes death from flubromazolam alone at typical doses.citation needed

Psychosis Risk

Paradoxical reactions including aggression, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, and irritability occur rarely, with an incidence rate below 1% in the general population.citation needed Delusions of sobriety commonly occur at heavy doses but represent cognitive impairment rather than true psychosis. Paradoxical effects are more frequent in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and those on high-dosage regimes.

Seizure Risk

Benzodiazepines possess anticonvulsant properties during active use. Paradoxical seizure increases are rare and primarily affect individuals with epilepsy. However, withdrawal from regular use poses significant seizure risk that can be fatal;citation needed drugs that lower seizure threshold should be avoided during discontinuation, and gradual tapering is essential.

History & Culture

Flubromazolam, also designated JYI-73, is a novel synthetic triazolobenzodiazepine that emerged as part of the broader wave of designer benzodiazepines appearing on recreational drug markets. The substance first came to the attention of drug monitoring agencies following seizures by customs and law

Legality

By Country

Illegal7
United States flagUnited StatesSchedule I
Canada flagCanadaIllegal
Germany flagGermanyIllegal
Netherlands flagNetherlandsIllegal
Poland flagPolandIllegal
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandIllegal
Turkey flagTurkeyIllegal
Controlled / restricted2
Russia flagRussiaRestricted
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomClass C

References

Source Pages

  1. Bluelight: Forum - Flubromazolam Discussions
  2. Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
  3. IsomerDesign PIHKAL: Flubromazolam
  4. PsychonautWiki
  5. TripSit Factsheet: Flubromazolam
  6. TripSit Factsheets
  7. TripSit: Wiki - Drug Combinations
  8. Wikipedia

Citations

  1. Amber N. Edinoff, Catherine A. Nix, Amira S. Odisho, Caroline P. Babin, Alyssa G. Derouen, Salim C. Lutfallah, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, & Alan D. Kaye. (2022). Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects. Neurology International, 14(3), 648–663. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint140300531
  2. Looking at flubromazolam metabolism from four different angles: Metabolite profiling in human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, mice and authentic human urine samples with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Science International, 274, 55–63 (May 2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.0211
  3. Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, Schedule IV (current to 21 June 2026). laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html1
  4. Anlage II BtMG - Einzelnorm (verkehrsfähige, aber nicht verschreibungsfähige Betäubungsmittel). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html1
  5. § 1 BtMG - Einzelnorm (Betäubungsmittel). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__1.html1
  6. § 1 NpSG - Einzelnorm (Anwendungsbereich). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__1.html1
  7. § 29 BtMG - Einzelnorm (Straftaten). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html1
  8. Opiumwet, Lijst II (current version consulted 26 August 2026). wetten.overheid.nl (n.d.). https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2026-07-09/0/BijlageII/afdrukken1
  9. Opiumwet, Article 3 (current version consulted 26 August 2026). wetten.overheid.nl (n.d.). https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2026-07-09/0/Artikel3/afdrukken1
  10. Obwieszczenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 czerwca 2024 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu rozporządzenia Ministra Zdrowia w sprawie wykazu substancji psychotropowych, środków odurzających oraz nowych substancji psychoaktywnych. eli.gov.pl (n.d.). https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2024/1139/text.html1

Further Reading

  1. Andersson & Kjellgren (2017) - Flubromazolam User Experiences
  2. Substance Search: Pyrazolam
  3. Tripsitter: Flubromazolam Harm Reduction Guide

Article Status

  • Josie Kins avatar
    Step 1 · Automated synthesis

    An autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.

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    Step 2 · First-pass review

    A first pass manual review and edit of article prose and copy has been performed by subject-matter expert Lyrea. This does not guarantee factual accuracy. An additional human review for each of this article's citations is yet to be performed.

  • Step 3 · Citation reviewPending

    No one has reviewed this article's citations yet. That second pass checks each claim against the source it cites.

Recent changes8 human edits · latest

Times are UTCNewest first

20 August 2026

  1. Lyrea · Added a citation in PharmacologyPharmacokinetics

  2. Lyrea · Reworded 34 words in PharmacologyPharmacokinetics

  3. Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & DurationRoutes 1 › Dose ranges › Threshold

24 January 2026

  1. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  2. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  3. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  4. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  5. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

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