WARNINGMIXING OR WITHDRAWAL CAN BE DANGEROUS
Ordinary doses in combination with other depressants can fatally stop breathing. After prolonged dependency, stopping suddenly can also cause seizures or delirium; seek medical help.
Flubromazolam
Flubromazolam is a novel synthetic depressant of the triazolobenzodiazepine class that produces anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnestic effects. It is exceptionally potent, with activity in the microgram range, and possesses an unusually long duration of action. These properties pose heightened risks compared to other designer benzodiazepines, as strong sedation and amnesia can occur even at very low threshold doses. It has not been formally studied and is available exclusively through research chemical vendors.citation needed
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
This substance is exceptionally potent, and life-threatening adverse effects have been documented at doses as low as 3 mg.
Duration
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
The physical effects of flubromazolam can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.
Cognitive
The cognitive effects of flubromazolam can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of flubromazolam is described by many as one of intense sedation and decreased inhibition. It contains a large number of typical depressant cognitive effects.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Flubromazolam has not been extensively characterized in formal pharmacological studies, and its presumed mechanism of action is largely inferred from its structural classification as a triazolobenzodiazepine. Like other benzodiazepines, it is expected to act as a positive allosteric modulator at the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA-A receptors, enhancing the inhibitory signaling of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system.1 The anticonvulsant properties observed with benzodiazepines may also involve binding to voltage-gated sodium channels. Flubromazolam is notably potent, with activity reported in the microgram range.
Pharmacokinetics
Predominant biotransformations of flubromazolam were hydroxylation, dihydroxylation and O-glucuronidation and combinations of these. Flubromazolam was also directly conjugated to yield an N+-glucuronide. Dehalogenated metabolites or other phase II reactions other than glucuronidation were not detected.2
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Benzodiazepines (all)
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
HighFlubromazolam is described as extremely psychologically addictive. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported,citation needed and cycles of dependence can readily develop from rebound anxiety that follows the substance's effects wearing off.
Physical
Extremely HighPhysical dependence develops with regular use and can become life-threatening. Abrupt discontinuation after weeks of steady dosing can result in hypertension, seizures, and death.citation needed Gradual tapering over a prolonged period is essential for safe discontinuation.
Toxicity
Respiratory depression occurs as a direct pharmacological effect with severity proportional to dose; this becomes potentially fatal when combined with other CNS depressants but rarely causes death from flubromazolam alone at typical doses.citation needed
Psychosis Risk
Paradoxical reactions including aggression, violent behavior, loss of impulse control, and irritability occur rarely, with an incidence rate below 1% in the general population.citation needed Delusions of sobriety commonly occur at heavy doses but represent cognitive impairment rather than true psychosis. Paradoxical effects are more frequent in recreational abusers, individuals with mental disorders, children, and those on high-dosage regimes.
Seizure Risk
Benzodiazepines possess anticonvulsant properties during active use. Paradoxical seizure increases are rare and primarily affect individuals with epilepsy. However, withdrawal from regular use poses significant seizure risk that can be fatal;citation needed drugs that lower seizure threshold should be avoided during discontinuation, and gradual tapering is essential.
History & Culture
Flubromazolam, also designated JYI-73, is a novel synthetic triazolobenzodiazepine that emerged as part of the broader wave of designer benzodiazepines appearing on recreational drug markets. The substance first came to the attention of drug monitoring agencies following seizures by customs and law…
Legality
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
- Amber N. Edinoff, Catherine A. Nix, Amira S. Odisho, Caroline P. Babin, Alyssa G. Derouen, Salim C. Lutfallah, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, & Alan D. Kaye. (2022). Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects. Neurology International, 14(3), 648–663. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint140300531
- Looking at flubromazolam metabolism from four different angles: Metabolite profiling in human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, mice and authentic human urine samples with liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Science International, 274, 55–63 (May 2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.0211
- Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, Schedule IV (current to 21 June 2026). laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-12.html1
- Anlage II BtMG - Einzelnorm (verkehrsfähige, aber nicht verschreibungsfähige Betäubungsmittel). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html1
- § 1 BtMG - Einzelnorm (Betäubungsmittel). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__1.html1
- § 1 NpSG - Einzelnorm (Anwendungsbereich). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__1.html1
- § 29 BtMG - Einzelnorm (Straftaten). gesetze-im-internet.de (n.d.). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html1
- Opiumwet, Lijst II (current version consulted 26 August 2026). wetten.overheid.nl (n.d.). https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2026-07-09/0/BijlageII/afdrukken1
- Opiumwet, Article 3 (current version consulted 26 August 2026). wetten.overheid.nl (n.d.). https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001941/2026-07-09/0/Artikel3/afdrukken1
- Obwieszczenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 czerwca 2024 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu rozporządzenia Ministra Zdrowia w sprawie wykazu substancji psychotropowych, środków odurzających oraz nowych substancji psychoaktywnych. eli.gov.pl (n.d.). https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2024/1139/text.html1
Further Reading
Article Status
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Recent changes8 human edits · latest
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20 August 2026
Lyrea · Added a citation in Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics
Lyrea · Reworded 34 words in Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics
Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & Duration › Routes 1 › Dose ranges › Threshold
24 January 2026
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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