white → yellow2 → brown2
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4-AcO-DMT
4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
Psilacetin, O-Acetylpsilocin, Synthetic mushrooms
4-AcO-DMT is a synthetic psychedelic of the tryptamine class, first synthesized by Albert Hofmann and Franz Troxler in 1963 during a chemical investigation into psilocin analogs.citation needed It is the acetylated form of psilocin and is widely believed to act as a prodrug for it, much like psilocybin. Its effects are frequently described as nearly indistinguishable from those of psilocybin mushrooms, though sometimes characterized as warmer or more euphoric. It has a limited history of human use.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~5 mg
Light5-15 mg
Moderate15-25 mg
Strong25-40 mg
Heavy40+ mg
Duration
Onset20-40 minutes
Come Up30-75 minutes
Peak2-3.5 hours
Offset1-2 hours
After Effects2-4 hours
Total4-7 hours
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
The physical effects of 4-AcO-DMT can be broken down into two components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.
Cognitive
The head space of 4-AcO-DMT is described by many as extremely relaxing, profound and stoning in its style when compared to other commonly used psychedelics such as LSD or 2C-B which tend to be energetic and stimulating. It contains a large number of psychedelic typical and unique cognitive effects.
Enhancement of current mind stateConnectivity of thoughtFeelings of fascination, importance and aweTime distortionOutrospectionDeja-VuRemoval of cultural filterFeelings of predeterminismConceptual thinkingDirect communication with the subconsciousEgo suppression, loss and deathFeelings of interdependent oppositesDelusionsStates of unity and interconnectedness
Visual
Enhancements
4-AcO-DMT presents a full and complete array of possible visual enhancements.
Geometry
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of ayahuasca and 2C-E than LSD. It can be comprehensively described as structured in its organization, organic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, large in size, fast and smooth in motion, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, blurred in its edges and rounded in its corners. They have a very 'natural' feel to them and at higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of Level 7B visual geometry over Level 7A.
Hallucinatory States
4-AcO-DMT and its various other forms produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics.
Auditory
The auditory effects of 4-AcO-DMT are common in their occurrence and exhibit a full range of effects.
See also: Psychedelic Intensity Scale, Effects of psychedelics (visual, cognitive, miscellaneous)
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
4-AcO-DMT directly activates human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors in a Gq-mediated calcium-flux assay; at 5-HT2A it is less potent than psilocin and produces 79.2% of the serotonin maximum.1
Its mouse head-twitch potency is similar to that of psilocin despite this weaker receptor-level potency, which is consistent with deacetylation to psilocin in vivo, but those experiments do not determine how much intact 4-AcO-DMT contributes to effects in humans.1
Pharmacokinetics
After intraperitoneal administration to mice, 4-AcO-DMT fumarate produced about 70% of the total peripheral psilocin exposure produced by an equimolar psilocybin dose; psilocin concentrations were 10–25% lower at 15 minutes, and the approximately 30-minute psilocin half-life did not differ by precursor.2 In an ex-vivo human-plasma stability assay, almost no acetyl ester remained at the first five-minute sample.3 A separate simulated gastrointestinal experiment predicted less than 0.1% of the prodrug remaining after five minutes, but only after extrapolation to an assumed physiological esterase activity; it was not a direct measurement in a dosed human.3 Taken together, these studies support rapid conversion to psilocin but do not provide clinical human pharmacokinetic parameters for 4-AcO-DMT.citation needed
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
Extremely Low4-AcO-DMT is considered non-addictive with low potential for abuse. It is not associated with compulsive use, and users commonly report a self-regulating quality where the desire for subsequent use is naturally limited.citation needed
Physical
Extremely LowPhysical dependence is extremely unlikely due to its pharmacological similarity to psilocybin.citation needed
Psychosis Risk
As a psychedelic, 4-AcO-DMT may trigger underlying psychological and mental problems in people predisposed by familial schizophrenia or early-developing mental illness. This risk is mainly associated with predisposed individuals rather than users in general.
Seizure Risk
Seizures are rarely observed and are thought to primarily affect those already predisposed to themcitation needed, particularly in physically taxing conditions such as being overheated, dehydrated, undernourished, or fatigued.
History & Culture
Discovery and Initial Research
4-AcO-DMT was first synthesized in 1963 by the Swiss chemists Albert Hofmann and Franz Troxler during systematic investigations into psilocin analogs conducted at Sandoz Laboratories.citation needed The compound, along with several other psilocin esters, was patented by Sandoz Ltd on January 16,…
Trip Reports
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Legality
International
1961 Single Convention: 4-AcO-DMT is not individually scheduled.
1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: 4-AcO-DMT is not individually scheduled.
1988 Convention: 4-AcO-DMT is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.
By Country
Illegal9
BelgiumIllegalRoyal Decree of 6 September 2017 regulating narcotic and psychotropic substances, Annex IVA item 5 (generic tryptamine derivatives), with Articles 3–6 and 61; current Annex IV reference valid from 29 March 2026101112131415
4-AcO-DMT is covered by Belgium's current Annex IVA item 5 generic tryptamine structure: its terminal amine is N,N-dimethyl, its indole ring bears OAc at position 4, and its indole nitrogen is unsubstituted. The Royal Decree's authorization regime makes import, possession and other listed activities prohibited absent prior authorization limited to scientific or medical purposes. AFMPS warns that its consolidated annex is non-official; the Belgian Official Journal and Justel texts control.
BrazilIllegalPortaria SVS/MS No. 344/1998, Anexo I, Lista F2, item 21 and Adendos 1.1 and 16 (current consolidated text), read with Lei No. 11.343/2006, arts. 1, 2, 31 and 33161718
4-AcO-DMT is expressly and nominally scheduled, not merely captured by a generic analogue or structural-class provision. The entry gives its chemical identity as 4-acetoxi-N,N-dimetiltriptamina; F2 Adendo 1.1 extends control to possible salts and isomers. Adendo 16's up-to-500-mg analytical-standard import/export authorization exemption is a narrow administrative exception and does not make ordinary possession, supply, production or use lawful.
Czech RepublicIllegalNařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb., příloha č. 4 (Seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek), current consolidated text effective 25 June 2026; zákon č. 167/1998 Sb., §§ 2(1)(a), 3(1)-(2), 419202122
4-AcO-DMT is expressly named as o-Acetylpsilocin (Psilacetin) in the current Czech Annex 4 schedule. The Act treats listed psychoactive substances as addictive substances, defines handling broadly, requires a handling authorization, and limits Annex 4 substances to restricted research, scientific, and very limited therapeutic purposes specified in that authorization. The substance is directly listed, rather than controlled through a generic structural analogue rule.
IsraelIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Dangerous Drugs Ordinance [New Version], 5733-1973, sections 1, 6, 7 and 13 and First Schedule Part A Sign B item 6, as amended by the 2017 First-Schedule notice and reflected in the 2025 First-Schedule notice2425262728
4-AcO-DMT is not separately named in the Israeli schedule text. PubChem identifies it as 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (O-acetylpsilocin), while First Schedule item 6 expressly includes the isomers and structural derivatives of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. On that structural rule, it is covered as a dangerous drug and unauthorized production, possession, use, import/export, dealing and supply are prohibited under sections 6, 7 and 13, subject to the Ordinance's authorization and licence pathways. This is structural-derivative coverage rather than an exact-name listing.
ItalyIllegalProhibited under Italian drug law as an ester of a controlled substance (psilocin). Possession, production, and distribution are criminal offenses.29
SwedenSchedule IAdded to the Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act as a Schedule I substance (classified as substances without accepted medical use) on January 25, 2017. Listed as '4-acetoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin' in Medical Products Agency regulation HSLF-FS 2017:1.31
SwitzerlandPotentially illegalMay be considered illegal under Buchstabe B of Swiss narcotics legislation as an ester analog of psilocin. Legal status is interpreted rather than explicitly scheduled.32
TurkeyIllegalLaw No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Substances, Article 19; Council of Ministers Decision No. 2013/5742 and its attached unnumbered list, Official Gazette No. 28893 (25 January 2014), expressly listing 4-AcO-DMT by chemical name3334353637
The exact substance is expressly named in the 2013/5742 annex, rather than controlled through psilocin, DMT, or a generic analogue rule. The Gazette annex is unnumbered; the '66.' label belongs to the official 2014 Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu's numbered reproduction of the list, not to the Gazette annex itself. The current Law 2313 text establishes the Article 19 declaration mechanism, and the 2024 Interior Ministry/EGM report identifies a continuing generic NPS classification.
United KingdomIllegalMisuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2 Part I generic ester control38
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Class A definition covers esters of psilocin; 4-AcO-DMT is controlled through that generic ester provision.
Controlled / restricted3
GermanyRestrictedNeue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz, Anlage23
The current NpSG Annex uses a group definition for tryptamine-derived compounds whose structural scope covers 4-AcO-DMT.
JapanControlled substanceDesignated as a controlled substance effective July 29, 2015, under national drug control legislation.30
Not scheduled1
United StatesUnscheduled (Federal Analogue Act applies)Not explicitly scheduled under federal law, but possession or sale for human consumption may be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act of 1986, as it is considered an analog of the Schedule I substance psilocin.3940 Can be legally possessed for research purposes when labeled 'not for human consumption.' Additionally, 4-AcO-DMT is listed as a Schedule I controlled substance at the state level in several states, including Alabama (since March 18, 2014).41
References
Source Pages
Disregard Everything I Say
Drug Users Bible by Dominic Milton Trott- Drug Users Bible: 4-AcO-DMT
Erowid- Erowid: 4-AcO-DMT Basics
Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
PsychonautWiki
TripSit Factsheet: 4-AcO-DMT- TripSit Factsheet: 4-AcO-DMT
- TripSit Factsheets
- TripSit Wiki
- TripSit Wiki: 4-AcO-DMT
Wikipedia- Wikipedia: 4-AcO-DMT
Citations
- Adam K. Klein, Muhammad Chatha, Lauren J. Laskowski, Emilie I. Anderson, Simon D. Brandt, Stephen J. Chapman, John D. McCorvy, & Adam L. Halberstadt. (n.d.). However, it is said to produce less nausea and body load than psilocybin-containing mushrooms.<ref name="JonesWagnerHa. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c0017612345678
- Nathan T. Jones, Laura Wagner, Molly C. Pellitteri Hahn, Cameron O. Scarlett, & Cody J. Wenthur. (2024). In vivo validation of psilacetin as a prodrug yielding modestly lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin. Front Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.13033651
- Julia Eklund, Ulf Bremberg, Jessica Larsson, Edvard Torkelsson, Johan Wennerberg, Symantha Zandelin, & Luke R. Odell. (March 2025). Synthesis and In Vitro Profiling of Psilocin Derivatives: Improved Stability and Synthetic Properties. J Med Chem, 68(7), 7153–7165. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c0261212
- Tentative identification of in vitro metabolites of O-acetylpsilocin (psilacetin, 4-AcO-DMT) by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. doi.org (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.32551
- Nichols DE. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.0114781
- Halberstadt AL, & Geyer MA. (2011). Multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens. Neuropharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.0171
- David E. Nichols. (1999). Improvements to the Synthesis of Psilocybin and a Facile Method for Preparing the O-Acetyl Prodrug of Psilocin. Synthesis, 1999(6), 935–938. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-349012
- Magic mushroom chocolates are having a moment. But do they even contain mushrooms?. Los Angeles Times (9 August 2024). https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-08-09/magic-mushroom-chocolates-are-having-a-moment-but-do-they-even-contain-mushrooms123
- Poisons Standard October 2015 (F2015L01534). Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government / Therapeutic Goods Administration (2015-09-30). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2015L01534/asmade/2015-09-30/text/original/pdf12
- NIH PubChem CID 15429212 compound properties (O-Acetylpsilocin). pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (n.d.). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/15429212/property/IUPACName,Title,CanonicalSMILES,MolecularFormula/JSON1
Further Reading
Article Status
Step 1 · Automated synthesisAn autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.
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Recent changes8 human edits · latest
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13 July 2026
Lyrea · Updated the article
24 January 2026
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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