4-AcO-DMT

4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Psilacetin, O-Acetylpsilocin, Synthetic mushrooms

Psychoactive Class

Chemical Class

4-AcO-DMT is a synthetic psychedelic of the tryptamine class, first synthesized by Albert Hofmann and Franz Troxler in 1963 during a chemical investigation into psilocin analogs.¹ It is the acetylated form of psilocin and is widely believed to act as a prodrug for it, much like psilocybin.² Its effects are frequently described as nearly indistinguishable from those of psilocybin mushrooms³, though sometimes characterized as warmer or more euphoric. It has a limited history of human use.

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Threshold~5 mg

Light5-15 mg

Moderate15-25 mg

Strong25-40 mg

Heavy40+ mg

Duration

Onset20-40 minutes

Come Up30-75 minutes

Peak2-3.5 hours

Offset1-2 hours

After Effects2-4 hours

Total4-7 hours

Subjective Effects

Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.

Physical

The physical effects of 4-AcO-DMT can be broken down into two components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage.

Cognitive

The head space of 4-AcO-DMT is described by many as extremely relaxing, profound and stoning in its style when compared to other commonly used psychedelics such as LSD or 2C-B which tend to be energetic and stimulating. It contains a large number of psychedelic typical and unique cognitive effects.

Enhancement of current mind state Connectivity of thought Feelings of fascination, importance and awe Time distortion Outrospection Deja-Vu Removal of cultural filter Feelings of predeterminism Conceptual thinking Direct communication with the subconscious Ego suppression, loss and death Feelings of interdependent opposites Delusions States of unity and interconnectedness

Visual

Distortions

Tracers After images Texture repetition Colour shifting Scenery slicing

Enhancements

4-AcO-DMT presents a full and complete array of possible visual enhancements.

Increased visual acuity Enhancement of colours Enhanced pattern recognition

Geometry

The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of ayahuasca and 2C-E than LSD. It can be comprehensively described as structured in its organization, organic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, large in size, fast and smooth in motion, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, blurred in its edges and rounded in its corners. They have a very 'natural' feel to them and at higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of Level 7B visual geometry over Level 7A.

Hallucinatory States

4-AcO-DMT and its various other forms produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics.

External hallucinations

Auditory

The auditory effects of 4-AcO-DMT are common in their occurrence and exhibit a full range of effects.

Enhancements Distortions Hallucinations

Forked from Subjective Effect Documentation

by Josie KinsSeptember 2013.

Reagent Testing

Loading reagent data

Expected colorimetric results are being prepared.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

4-AcO-DMT functions primarily as a prodrug of psilocin.⁴ Through psilocin, it acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, with its psychedelic effects specifically mediated by activation of the 5-HT2A receptor, at which psilocin acts as a partial agonist.² Whether 4-AcO-DMT possesses any intrinsic pharmacological activity independent of its conversion to psilocin remains an open question, as no controlled studies have directly examined this.

Pharmacokinetics

4-AcO-DMT is deacetylated to psilocin by esterase enzymes⁵, a process that occurs during first-pass hepatic metabolism as well as in systemic circulation. The compound is active via both oral and parenteral routes, indicating that conversion is not solely dependent on hepatic processing. An in-vitro study using human plasma found that over 99.9% of the prodrug was converted to psilocin within 5 minutes, supporting rapid and near-complete hydrolysis prior to systemic distribution. In rodent studies, intraperitoneal 4-AcO-DMT at equimolar doses produced approximately 70% of the total psilocin exposure compared to psilocybin,⁴ with psilocin concentrations at 15 minutes reaching 75 to 90% of those from an equivalent psilocybin dose.⁴ The elimination half-life of psilocin was approximately 30 minutes in these rodent studies and did not differ between the two prodrugs.⁴ No clinical pharmacokinetic studies in humans have been conducted.

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

Lithium

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

Tramadol

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

AmphetaminesCannabisCocaineDiphenhydramine

TripSit

Tolerance

Full Tolerance

4-AcO-DMT can produce tolerance almost immediately after it is taken.⁶

Cross Tolerance

Psychedelics⁶, Tryptamines⁷

Baseline Reset

Tolerance usually returns to baseline after about 7 days without additional use.

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Extremely Low

4-AcO-DMT is considered non-addictive with low potential for abuse. It is not associated with compulsive use, and users commonly report a self-regulating quality where the desire for subsequent use is naturally limited.⁸

Physical

Extremely Low

Physical dependence is extremely unlikely due to its pharmacological similarity to psilocybin.⁸

Psychosis Risk

As a psychedelic, 4-AcO-DMT may trigger underlying psychological and mental problems in people predisposed by familial schizophrenia or early-developing mental illness. This risk is mainly associated with predisposed individuals rather than users in general.

Seizure Risk

Seizures are rarely observed and are thought to primarily affect those already predisposed to them⁹, particularly in physically taxing conditions such as being overheated, dehydrated, undernourished, or fatigued.

History & Culture

Discovery and Initial Research

4-AcO-DMT was first synthesized in 1963 by the Swiss chemists Albert Hofmann and Franz Troxler during systematic investigations into psilocin analogs conducted at Sandoz Laboratories.¹ The compound, along with several other psilocin esters, was patented by Sandoz Ltd on…

Trip Reports

Legality

International

1961 Single Convention: 4-AcO-DMT is not individually scheduled.

1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: 4-AcO-DMT is not individually scheduled.

1988 Convention: 4-AcO-DMT is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.

By Country

United StatesUnscheduled (Federal Analogue Act applies)Citation needed

Not explicitly scheduled under federal law, but possession or sale for human consumption may be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act of 1986, as it is considered an analog of the Schedule I substance psilocin.²⁴²⁵ Can be legally possessed for research purposes when labeled 'not for human consumption.' Additionally, 4-AcO-DMT is listed as a Schedule I controlled substance at the state level in several states, including Alabama (since March 18, 2014).²⁶

BelgiumImport prohibitedCitation needed

Importation of 4-AcO-DMT is illegal in Belgium under national drug control legislation.

Czech RepublicProhibitedCitation needed

Banned under national drug legislation except for strictly limited research and therapeutic purposes with appropriate authorization.

IsraelIllegalCitation needed

Classified as a controlled substance by virtue of being a derivative of DMT under national drug control legislation.

JapanControlled substanceCitation needed

Designated as a controlled substance effective July 29, 2015, under national drug control legislation.²⁰

SwitzerlandPotentially illegalCitation needed

May be considered illegal under Buchstabe B of Swiss narcotics legislation as an ester analog of psilocin. Legal status is interpreted rather than explicitly scheduled.²²

United KingdomIllegalClass A controlled ester

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2 Part I generic ester control²³

The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Class A definition covers esters of psilocin; 4-AcO-DMT is controlled through that generic ester provision.

AustraliaSchedule 9Citation needed

Classified as a Schedule 9 prohibited substance under the Poisons Standard (October 2015) as an analog of psilocin.¹⁷ This classification restricts manufacture, possession, sale, or use except for approved medical or scientific research purposes.¹⁷

BrazilIllegalCitation needed

Listed as a controlled substance under Portaria SVS/MS nº 344. Possession, production, and sale are prohibited.

GermanyRestrictedNpSG tryptamine-group control

Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz, Anlage¹⁸

The current NpSG Annex uses a group definition for tryptamine-derived compounds whose structural scope covers 4-AcO-DMT.

ItalyIllegalCitation needed

Prohibited under Italian drug law as an ester of a controlled substance (psilocin). Possession, production, and distribution are criminal offenses.¹⁹

SwedenSchedule ICitation needed

Added to the Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act as a Schedule I substance (classified as substances without accepted medical use) on January 25, 2017. Listed as '4-acetoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin' in Medical Products Agency regulation HSLF-FS 2017:1.²¹

TurkeyIllegalCitation needed

Classified as a controlled drug. Possession, production, supply, and importation are prohibited under national drug legislation.

References

Source Pages

Citations

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4-AcO-DMT

4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Psilacetin, O-Acetylpsilocin, Synthetic mushrooms

Psychoactive Class

Psychedelic

Chemical Class

Tryptamine