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3-FA

3-FA molecule structure3-FA molecule structure
3-Fluoroamphetamine
PAL-353
Psychoactive Class
Chemical Class

3-FA is a synthetic substituted amphetamine and fluorinated designer drug that produces potent stimulant effects. It acts as a monoamine releaser1 reportedly comparable in potency to methamphetamine, though with greater selectivity for dopamine and norepinephrine over serotonincitation needed. Part of a series of fluorinated amphetamine analogs that includes 2-FA and 4-FA, it first appeared on the recreational drug market around 2009. It is rarely encountered on the street, primarily circulating as a research chemical through online vendors.

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold~10 mg
Light10-15 mg
Moderate15-30 mg
Strong30-60 mg
Heavy70+ mg

Duration

Onset20-60 minutes
Come Up30-60 minutes
Peak2-3 hours
Offset1-1.5 hours
After Effects2-6 hours
Total4-6 hours

Subjective Effects

Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.

3-FA produces a potently stimulating experience with a mild entactogenic character that distinguishes it from related fluorinated amphetamines such as 2-FA, 2-FMA, and 4-FA. The experience centers on euphoria, elevated mood, heightened energy, and a strong pull toward socializing and conversation. Unlike 2-FA and 2-FMA, it lacks their reported productivity and focus-enhancing qualities, giving it a more recreational than functional profile.

Physical

The body load is that of a classic stimulant: increased energy and wakefulness alongside appetite suppression, sweating, teeth grinding, itchiness, and disrupted sleep. Weight loss can result from extended or repeated use.

Stimulation

Cognitive

The headspace is euphoric, talkative, and socially disinhibited, with a mild entactogenic warmth. It is not well suited to focused work, and irritability, moodiness, and aggressive tendencies can emerge, particularly during the offset or with repeated use.

Increased libido

Emotional

Visual

Visual effects are not a prominent feature of the experience, though hallucinations have been reported.

Auditory

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Liebermann(LB)
white → orange2
Marquis(MQ)
No reaction
No reaction
Mecke(ME)
No reaction
No reaction
Mandelin(MD)
No reaction
No reaction
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Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

3-Fluoroamphetamine has not been individually studied in depth, but available evidence indicates it acts as a substrate-based monoamine releasing agent with selectivity for dopamine and norepinephrine over serotonin, a profile comparable to amphetamine in non-human primate studies.citation needed It interacts with the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and serotonin transporter (SERT) to promote monoamine efflux and block reuptake. Like other amphetamine derivatives, it is also expected to displace monoamines from vesicular storage via VMAT2 and to inhibit monoamine oxidase activity, further increasing cytosolic monoamine concentrations.

Pharmacokinetics

The elimination half-life of 3-fluoroamphetamine in rats is approximately 91 minutes, comparable to amphetamine. P450 oxidase metabolism is expected to primarily oxidize the compound at the 4-position. The fluorine substitution at the 3-position enhances blood-brain barrier permeation relative to unsubstituted amphetamine, and the compound's physicochemical properties (small molecular size, low melting point, moderate lipophilicity, and weak basicity with a pKa of 10) are favorable for transdermal absorption.

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

2C-T-x compounds5-MeO-xxT tryptaminesAMTAlcoholCaffeineCannabisCocaineDOx compoundsDXMKetamineMAOIsMethoxetamineNBOMe compoundsOpioidsPCPTramadol
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Tolerance

Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.

Full Tolerance
With prolonged repeated use, tolerance can develop to many effects, meaning larger doses may be needed for comparable results.
Baseline Reset
1-10 days
Half Tolerance
3-7 days
Cross Tolerance

Dopaminergic stimulants, Entactogens (such as MDMA, due to shared reliance on dopamine and norepinephrine for euphoric effects)

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

Moderate

Long-term or repeated use may be moderately habit-forming, carries a high risk of abuse, and can lead to psychological dependence in some users. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported, and cravings may develop after regular use is stopped.

Physical

Withdrawal effects may occur if usage is suddenly stopped after dependence develops, though specific physical withdrawal symptoms have not been documented for this substance.

Psychosis Risk

Abuse of amphetamine-class compounds at high dosages for prolonged periodscitation needed can result in stimulant psychosis presenting with paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions.2 Approximately 5-15% of users who develop amphetamine psychosis fail to recover completely,2 though antipsychotic medications effectively resolve symptoms of acute episodes.2 Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic or occasional use.

History & Culture

3-Fluoroamphetamine emerged as part of a wave of designer fluorinated amphetamine compounds that gained popularity in the late 2000s as research chemical alternatives to traditionally available stimulants. This series includes related compounds such as 2-FA, 2-FMA, 3-FEA, and 4-FA. The substance

Legality

By Country

Illegal5
China flagChinaIllegal
Finland flagFinlandIllegal
New Zealand flagNew ZealandIllegal
Turkey flagTurkeyIllegal
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomIllegal
Controlled / restricted3
United States flagUnited StatesRestricted
Germany flagGermanyRestricted
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandRestricted

References

Source Pages

  1. Bluelight: 3-FA / 3-Fluoroamphetamine Megathread
  2. Bluelight: 3-Fluoroamphetamine
  3. Erowid: 3-Fluoroamphetamine Experience Reports
  4. Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
  5. m-fluoroamphetamine (PAL 353) - isomerdesign.com
  6. PsychonautWiki
  7. TripSit Factsheets
  8. Wikipedia

Citations

  1. Negus SS, Mello NK, Blough BE, Baumann MH, & Rothman RB. (2007-02). Monoamine releasers with varying selectivity for dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin release as candidate "agonist" medications for cocaine dependence: studies in assays of cocaine discrimination and cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 320(2), 627-636. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.1073831
  2. Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, & Ling W. (2009-01-21). Treatment for amphetamine psychosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009(1), CD003026. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003026.pub3123
  3. 我国管制毒品目录(2026年7月更新,540种+三大类). ga.sz.gov.cn (n.d.). https://ga.sz.gov.cn/SZJDZX/SZBMFW/content/post_12898420.html12
  4. 麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例 (国家行政法规库 current consolidated text). xzfg.moj.gov.cn (n.d.). https://xzfg.moj.gov.cn/mobile/law/detail?LawID=17441
  5. 三部门联合发布最新版《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品目录》. btgaj.xjbt.gov.cn (n.d.). https://btgaj.xjbt.gov.cn/c/2025-07-28/8428464.shtml1
  6. 关于将二氟乙咪酯等16种物质列入《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品目录》的公告. btgaj.xjbt.gov.cn (n.d.). https://btgaj.xjbt.gov.cn/c/2026-06-23/8490261.shtml1
  7. 非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法. gaj.panjin.gov.cn (n.d.). https://gaj.panjin.gov.cn/2015_10/08_00/content-235605.html1
  8. Valtioneuvoston asetus ... (651/2026), official Finlex Akoma Ntoso XML. opendata.finlex.fi (n.d.). https://opendata.finlex.fi/finlex/avoindata/v1/akn/fi/act/statute/2026/651/fin%4012
  9. Huumausainelaki (373/2008), official Statute Book of Finland PDF. finlex.fi (n.d.). https://www.finlex.fi/files/extra/statute-book-of-finland-pdf/fin/2008/20080058.pdf1
  10. Valtioneuvoston asetus 549/2024, official Finlex PDF. finlex.fi (n.d.). https://www.finlex.fi/api/media/statute/690525/mainPdf/main.pdf?timestamp=2024-10-16T21%3A00%3A00.000Z1

Article Status

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    An autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.

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Recent changes7 human edits · latest

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24 January 2026

  1. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  2. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  3. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  4. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  5. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  6. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

  7. Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more

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