WARNINGMIXING OR WITHDRAWAL CAN BE DANGEROUS
Ordinary doses in combination with other depressants can fatally stop breathing. After prolonged dependency, stopping suddenly can also cause seizures or delirium; seek medical help.
Temazepam
Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that produces sedative,citation needed hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.1 Although its chemical synthesis was established by 1965, it was initially employed as a military sedative-hypnotic before gaining widespread civilian prescription for the treatment of severe insomnia, panic disorders, and anxiety. It has since become one of the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines internationally. Like all benzodiazepines, it carries a risk of dependence with repeated use.2
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Duration
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
The temazepam experience is dominated by heavy sedation, anxiety relief, and physical relaxation rather than any form of sensory alteration. As a hypnotic benzodiazepine, its effects pull strongly toward sleep, with dose-dependent improvements in sleep onset and total sleep time. At moderate to high doses, memory formation becomes unreliable, and coordination and clarity of thought are noticeably impaired; residual grogginess and impaired cognitive and motor performance can carry over into waking hours.
Physical
Pronounced sedation, muscle relaxation, and a heavy, sleep-directed body feeling are the primary physical effects, frequently accompanied by dizziness and a loss of motor coordination.
Sedation
Uncomfortable
Cognitive
The headspace is characterized by anxiety suppression alongside a general dulling and slowing of thought. Confusion can occur at higher doses, and anterograde amnesia is common, leaving recall of the period after ingestion partial or absent.
Suppressions
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Temazepam acts as a positive allosteric modulator at GABA-A receptors via the benzodiazepine binding site.1 This binding enhances the affinity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for the receptor, increasing the frequency of chloride ion channel opening and resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization.citation needed Temazepam also interacts with the translocator protein (TSPO).
Pharmacokinetics
Temazepam is very well absorbed orally, with 90 to 100% of an administered dose reaching the bloodstream owing to minimal first-pass metabolism of approximately 5 to 8%.citation needed The drug is 96% bound to plasma proteins.2 It is principally metabolized in the liver through direct glucuronide conjugation (Phase II), with less than 5% undergoing demethylation to oxazepam, which is subsequently eliminated as its glucuronide.citation needed Because metabolism is predominantly Phase II conjugation, temazepam is considered largely devoid of CYP450 interactions. The glucuronide metabolites have no demonstrable CNS activity.1 The terminal elimination half-life ranges from 3.5 to 18 hours, with a mean of approximately 9 hours.2 Following a single dose, 80 to 90% is excreted in the urine predominantly as the O-conjugate metabolite, with 3 to 13% appearing in the feces.1
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
HighTemazepam has a high potential for psychological addiction and is considered significantly more addictive than other benzodiazepines. It produces euphoria more commonly than most benzodiazepines and has the highest preference ratings among recreational drug users due to its rapid onset, perceived strength, and subjective 'high'.
Physical
Extremely HighPhysical dependence develops readily with regular use, and abrupt discontinuation can be life-threatening, potentially resulting in severe withdrawal syndrome, seizures, or death.citation needed Withdrawal symptoms can occur even from standard therapeutic doses after short-term use. Gradual tapering under medical supervision is essential for cessation.
Toxicity
Pronounced CNS depression occurs at therapeutic doses, including impairment of memory, learning, motor coordination, and reaction time; at higher doses or in overdose, confusion, coma, and absent reflexes may develop.
Respiratory depression can occur at higher doses and has proven fatal even when temazepam is taken alone, which is unusual among benzodiazepines.citation needed
Severe hepatic impairment decreases temazepam elimination by approximately half; hyperplastic liver nodules were observed in female mice at the highest doses in animal studies.citation needed
Psychosis Risk
Psychotic states have been reported rarely in the medical literature following abrupt withdrawal from benzodiazepines, even from therapeutic doses.3 Hallucinations are listed as a less common side effect occurring in under 0.5% of users. Paradoxical reactions including aggression, violent behavior, and agitation occur rarely, with an incidence below 1% in the general population.
Seizure Risk
Sudden discontinuation after regular use can result in potentially life-threatening seizures; this risk is a primary concern with benzodiazepine withdrawal and necessitates gradual tapering rather than abrupt cessation.citation needed Paradoxical increased seizure activity may occur in epileptic individuals. Antipsychotics increase the severity of withdrawal convulsions.
History & Culture
Discovery and Development
Temazepam was patented in 1962, with its chemical synthesis established by the mid-1960s.citation needed While the compound entered medical use in 1969, its specific application as a treatment for insomnia was not fully recognized until 1981. By the late 1980s, temazepam had…
Legality
International
1961 Single Convention: temazepam is not scheduled.
1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Schedule IV.
1988 Convention: temazepam is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
- Fluyau D, Ponnarasu S, & Patel P. (2025). Temazepam. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599496/12345
- RESTORIL- temazepam capsule. DailyMed (2026). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bc56f7fd-1aaf-48ff-8aa7-d467e59e101512345678910
- [Two cases of psychotic state following normal-dose benzodiazepine withdrawal]. Journal of UOEH, 10(3), 337–340 (September 1988). https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.10.3371
- Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc (n.d.). https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam1
- Hester Wilce. (June 2004). Temazepam capsules: What was the problem?. Australian Prescriber, 27(3), 58–9. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2004.0531
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/latest/text1
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade/2026-05-28/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. tga.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.tga.gov.au/products/regulations-all-products/ingredients-and-scheduling-medicines-and-chemicals/scheduling-national-classification-system/scheduling-basics-medicines-and-chemicals-australia1
- Psychotropenverordnung (PV). ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=100110541
- Psychotropenverordnung (PV). ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Anlage=1&Artikel=&FassungVom=2026-07-24&Gesetzesnummer=10011054&Paragraf=&Uebergangsrecht=1
Further Reading
Article Status
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Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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