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Temazepam

Temazepam molecule structureTemazepam molecule structure
3-Hydroxydiazepam
Restoril, Normison, Euhypnos, Temaze, Jellies

Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that produces sedative,citation needed hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.1 Although its chemical synthesis was established by 1965, it was initially employed as a military sedative-hypnotic before gaining widespread civilian prescription for the treatment of severe insomnia, panic disorders, and anxiety. It has since become one of the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines internationally. Like all benzodiazepines, it carries a risk of dependence with repeated use.2

Dosage & Duration

Dosage

Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.

Threshold~2 mg
Light2-10 mg
Moderate10-30 mg
Strong30-40 mg
Heavy40+ mg
Bioavailability
90-100%

Duration

Onset20-90 minutes
After Effects6-12 hours
Total6-10 hours
Half-life
3.5-18 hours

Subjective Effects

Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.

The temazepam experience is dominated by heavy sedation, anxiety relief, and physical relaxation rather than any form of sensory alteration. As a hypnotic benzodiazepine, its effects pull strongly toward sleep, with dose-dependent improvements in sleep onset and total sleep time. At moderate to high doses, memory formation becomes unreliable, and coordination and clarity of thought are noticeably impaired; residual grogginess and impaired cognitive and motor performance can carry over into waking hours.

Physical

Pronounced sedation, muscle relaxation, and a heavy, sleep-directed body feeling are the primary physical effects, frequently accompanied by dizziness and a loss of motor coordination.

Sedation

Seizure suppression

Uncomfortable

Dizziness

Cognitive

The headspace is characterized by anxiety suppression alongside a general dulling and slowing of thought. Confusion can occur at higher doses, and anterograde amnesia is common, leaving recall of the period after ingestion partial or absent.

Suppressions

Reagent Testing

Expected colorimetric results for common reagent tests. Colors show reaction change over 1–2 minutes.

Mandelin(MD)
yellow2 → orange1 → brown1
Morr(MO)
pink2 → green2
Zimm(ZI)
white → white1 → yellow1
Marquis(MQ)
No reaction
No reaction
Powered by PROtestkit.eu

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Temazepam acts as a positive allosteric modulator at GABA-A receptors via the benzodiazepine binding site.1 This binding enhances the affinity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for the receptor, increasing the frequency of chloride ion channel opening and resulting in neuronal hyperpolarization.citation needed Temazepam also interacts with the translocator protein (TSPO).

Pharmacokinetics

Temazepam is very well absorbed orally, with 90 to 100% of an administered dose reaching the bloodstream owing to minimal first-pass metabolism of approximately 5 to 8%.citation needed The drug is 96% bound to plasma proteins.2 It is principally metabolized in the liver through direct glucuronide conjugation (Phase II), with less than 5% undergoing demethylation to oxazepam, which is subsequently eliminated as its glucuronide.citation needed Because metabolism is predominantly Phase II conjugation, temazepam is considered largely devoid of CYP450 interactions. The glucuronide metabolites have no demonstrable CNS activity.1 The terminal elimination half-life ranges from 3.5 to 18 hours, with a mean of approximately 9 hours.2 Following a single dose, 80 to 90% is excreted in the urine predominantly as the O-conjugate metabolite, with 3 to 13% appearing in the feces.1

Interactions

Dangerous

Highest risk

These combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.

AlcoholGHB/GBLOpioidsTramadol

Unsafe

Avoid

There is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.

Caution

Use caution

These combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.

DXMKetamineMXE
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Tolerance

Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.

Full Tolerance
Tolerance to sedative-hypnotic effects can emerge quickly, often after only a few days of uninterrupted use. Pharmacodynamic adaptation to some effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics may occur during extended nightly use, which can contribute to rebound insomnia after discontinuation.
Cross Tolerance

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates

Baseline Reset
Following cessation of use, tolerance generally returns to baseline within 7-14 days. However, this timeframe may be significantly longer in proportion to the duration and intensity of long-term usage patterns.

Harm Potential

Addiction & Dependence

Psychological

High

Temazepam has a high potential for psychological addiction and is considered significantly more addictive than other benzodiazepines. It produces euphoria more commonly than most benzodiazepines and has the highest preference ratings among recreational drug users due to its rapid onset, perceived strength, and subjective 'high'.

Physical

Extremely High

Physical dependence develops readily with regular use, and abrupt discontinuation can be life-threatening, potentially resulting in severe withdrawal syndrome, seizures, or death.citation needed Withdrawal symptoms can occur even from standard therapeutic doses after short-term use. Gradual tapering under medical supervision is essential for cessation.

Toxicity

Central Nervous System

Pronounced CNS depression occurs at therapeutic doses, including impairment of memory, learning, motor coordination, and reaction time; at higher doses or in overdose, confusion, coma, and absent reflexes may develop.

Respiratory

Respiratory depression can occur at higher doses and has proven fatal even when temazepam is taken alone, which is unusual among benzodiazepines.citation needed

Hepatic

Severe hepatic impairment decreases temazepam elimination by approximately half; hyperplastic liver nodules were observed in female mice at the highest doses in animal studies.citation needed

Psychosis Risk

Psychotic states have been reported rarely in the medical literature following abrupt withdrawal from benzodiazepines, even from therapeutic doses.3 Hallucinations are listed as a less common side effect occurring in under 0.5% of users. Paradoxical reactions including aggression, violent behavior, and agitation occur rarely, with an incidence below 1% in the general population.

Seizure Risk

Sudden discontinuation after regular use can result in potentially life-threatening seizures; this risk is a primary concern with benzodiazepine withdrawal and necessitates gradual tapering rather than abrupt cessation.citation needed Paradoxical increased seizure activity may occur in epileptic individuals. Antipsychotics increase the severity of withdrawal convulsions.

History & Culture

Discovery and Development

Temazepam was patented in 1962, with its chemical synthesis established by the mid-1960s.citation needed While the compound entered medical use in 1969, its specific application as a treatment for insomnia was not fully recognized until 1981. By the late 1980s, temazepam had

Legality

International

1961 Single Convention: temazepam is not scheduled.

1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Schedule IV.

1988 Convention: temazepam is not listed in precursor Tables I or II.

By Country

Controlled / restricted2
Germany flagGermanyAnlage III BtMG
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandRestricted
Prescription17
United States flagUnited StatesPrescription only
Australia flagAustraliaPrescription only
Austria flagAustriaPrescription only
Canada flagCanadaPrescription only
Chile flagChilePrescription only
Hong Kong flagHong KongPrescription only
Ireland flagIrelandPrescription only
Netherlands flagNetherlandsPrescription only
New Zealand flagNew ZealandPrescription only
Portugal flagPortugalPrescription only
Russia flagRussiaPrescription only
Singapore flagSingaporePrescription only
South Africa flagSouth AfricaPrescription only
Sweden flagSwedenPrescription only
Thailand flagThailandPrescription only
Ukraine flagUkrainePrescription only
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomPrescription only

References

Source Pages

  1. DrugBank
  2. Erowid
  3. Isomer Design (TiHKAL/PiHKAL)
  4. PsychonautWiki
  5. TripSit Factsheets
  6. TripSit Wiki: Benzodiazepines
  7. TripSit Wiki: Drug Combinations
  8. Wikipedia

Citations

  1. Fluyau D, Ponnarasu S, & Patel P. (2025). Temazepam. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599496/12345
  2. RESTORIL- temazepam capsule. DailyMed (2026). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bc56f7fd-1aaf-48ff-8aa7-d467e59e101512345678910
  3. [Two cases of psychotic state following normal-dose benzodiazepine withdrawal]. Journal of UOEH, 10(3), 337–340 (September 1988). https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.10.3371
  4. Temazepam - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc (n.d.). https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Temazepam1
  5. Hester Wilce. (June 2004). Temazepam capsules: What was the problem?. Australian Prescriber, 27(3), 58–9. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2004.0531
  6. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/latest/text1
  7. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade/2026-05-28/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
  8. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026 (F2026L00633), Schedule 4. tga.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.tga.gov.au/products/regulations-all-products/ingredients-and-scheduling-medicines-and-chemicals/scheduling-national-classification-system/scheduling-basics-medicines-and-chemicals-australia1
  9. Psychotropenverordnung (PV). ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=100110541
  10. Psychotropenverordnung (PV). ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Anlage=1&Artikel=&FassungVom=2026-07-24&Gesetzesnummer=10011054&Paragraf=&Uebergangsrecht=1

Further Reading

  1. Drug-Do: Benzos
  2. DrugWise: Temazepam Factsheet

Article Status

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Recent changes8 human edits · latest

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19 August 2026

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24 January 2026

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