Adrafinil

Adrafinil is expressly listed as a doping agent in Norway’s Dopingliste and has been included since 1 October 2006. Without lawful entitlement, acquiring, possessing, or using it is prohibited and punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to six months. Unlawful manufacture, import, export, storage, sending, or transfer is punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to two years.

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits introducing a new drug into interstate commerce without an effective FDA approval. FDA states that adrafinil is a pharmaceutical drug not approved for use in the United States. FDA has treated adrafinil products promoted for drug uses as new drugs and, where they lack adequate directions for those uses, as misbranded.

Adrafinil is not listed as a narcotic or psychotropic substance and is not covered by Austria’s defined new-psychoactive-substance classes. It is a non-specified stimulant in S6.A of the 2026 Prohibited List and is prohibited in competition from 1 January 2026. Under the Anti-Doping-Bundesgesetz 2021, use or presence by an athlete is an anti-doping violation unless a medical exemption applies.

No Brasil, a Lista Proibida 2026 adotada pela Autoridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem classifica a adrafinila como estimulante não-especificado S6.A. A categoria S6 é proibida em competição; uso, tentativa de uso, posse, tráfico ou administração por atletas e pessoal de apoio constituem infrações às regras antidopagem e podem acarretar sanções desportivas. Esta é uma restrição antidopagem aplicável ao esporte.

Adrafinil is prohibited in Colombian competitive sport as an S6.A non-specified stimulant under the 2026 Prohibited List, effective 1 January 2026. The anti-doping regime applies to athletes, support personnel, and sporting bodies in the National Sport System, with violations subject to disciplinary sanctions. Adrafinil is not included in the Ministry of Health’s current controlled-substances list; its variation rules extend only to salts, isomers, hydrates, and related variations of substances already listed.

The Czech National Sports Agency’s published 2026 World Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List places adrafinil in S6.A, making its use prohibited in competition from 1 January 2026. This is an anti-doping restriction for athletes rather than a Czech controlled-drug scheduling classification; Act No. 167/1998 requires controlled, psychomodulatory, and listed psychoactive substances to be expressly placed on their respective government lists.

Adrafinil’s use and an athlete’s possession in competition are prohibited as a non-specified stimulant under Denmark’s anti-doping regime. The current order, in force since 1 January 2026, adopts WADA’s current Prohibited List and requires Anti Doping Denmark to publish a Danish translation; the 2026 Danish list places adrafinil in S6.A. This is a sport-specific restriction rather than a general narcotics listing: the current decree on euphoriant substances confines control to Lists A–E and specified structural groups, none of which includes adrafinil (CRL-40028).

Adrafinil is listed in Annex 1 of the Finnish Medicines Agency’s Medicines List and is regulated as a medicine, including its salts and esters. The decision has applied since 19 May 2025. Medicines may be sold to the public only through statutory pharmacy channels; Adrafinil’s Annex 1 listing does not itself classify it as prescription-only.

Adrafinil is named under IV. « Stimulants » in France’s current anti-doping possession order. Since 28 March 2026, possessing it without a duly justified medical reason is punishable by up to one year’s imprisonment and a €3,750 fine under Article L. 232-26(I) of the Code du sport. The order repealed the corresponding 2025 list; this is a sports-law restriction rather than placement on the narcotics or psychotropics schedules.

Adrafinil is listed as an S6.A non-specified stimulant and is prohibited in competition under the 2026 Prohibited List, effective 1 January 2026. Germany’s Anti-Doping Act prohibits manufacturing, trafficking, selling, supplying, placing on the market, or prescribing a listed substance for human sporting doping; organised-sport self-doping and related possession are also prohibited in the circumstances specified by the Act. A violation of the commercial-supply prohibition is punishable by up to three years’ imprisonment or a fine.

Italy lists adrafinil as an S6.A non-specified stimulant in its national anti-doping list, prohibiting its use in competition. The decree entered into force on 22 July 2025, the day of its publication in the Gazzetta Ufficiale.

Adrafinil (CAS 63547-13-7; PubChem CID 3033226; IUPAC name 2-benzhydrylsulfinyl-N-hydroxyacetamide) and modafinil are not named in the Lao Ministry of Health's published narcotic, psychotropic and precursor list. Article 3 allows later additions, removals and transfers, so the 2005 list does not establish their status under later law. Lao Trade Portal measures require registration or prior notification for medicine imports and an import permit for any drug; the drug-registration regulation requires every drug sold in Laos to be registered and prohibits unpermitted import or sale of an unregistered drug. The regulation exempts unformulated drug chemicals and raw materials, so legal treatment depends in part on product form and intended use. Adrafinil has no identified product form, FDD registration record, written FDD classification, OTC classification or product registration in Laos. If supplied as a finished medicinal product, it requires Lao registration or notification and an import permit. These controls do not designate adrafinil as narcotic, psychotropic, prescription-only or prohibited. The Lao Trade Portal legal-document page labels amendment No. 07/NA as dated 10 March 2026, while the linked Lao-language PDF is titled Law No. 85/NA and dated 25 June 2025.

Adrafinil is a non-specific stimulant in S6.A of Mexico’s 2026 Prohibited List and is prohibited in competition from 1 January 2026. Under Article 119 of the Ley General de Cultura Física y Deporte, an athlete’s use or administration of a substance on CONADE’s annually published list constitutes doping. Its presence, use or attempted use, and administration or concealment are very serious sporting infractions subject to administrative sanctions.

Adrafinil is a non-specified stimulant prohibited in competition from 1 January 2026 for athletes subject to the Netherlands’ anti-doping regime. This sport-specific restriction does not make ordinary possession a controlled-drug offence: Adrafinil is not listed under the Opiumwet, and it does not fall within List IA’s three defined substance groups.

Adrafinil is a prohibited in-competition stimulant in Poland under S6.A of the amended anti-doping Convention annex, in force for Poland since 1 January 2026. Poland’s Act on Combating Doping in Sport treats an athlete’s presence or use of a prohibited substance, possession, trafficking, and specified administration of it as doping in sport, subject to anti-doping proceedings. Adrafinil is not listed in Poland’s national schedules of psychotropic substances, narcotics, or new psychoactive substances; those schedules do not create a blanket analog control for unlisted substances.

Portugal’s anti-doping law treats the presence, use, attempted use, and in-competition possession of a listed prohibited substance by persons within its scope as anti-doping-rule violations. Portaria n.º 431/2025/1 lists Adrafinil in S6.A, the non-specified-stimulants class, and prohibits it in competition. The current list took effect on 1 January 2026; anti-doping consequences include disqualification, suspension, financial penalties, or public disclosure.

Adrafinil (N-hydroxy-2-(diphenylmethylsulfinyl)acetamide) is listed as a psychotropic substance in List II of Russia’s controlled-substances list. Its circulation is restricted and subject to statutory control; the adrafinil entry took effect on 3 July 2018, so unauthorized acquisition, possession, production, and sale fall outside the permitted controlled regime.

Adrafinil is a non-specified stimulant prohibited in competition under South Korea’s 2026 Prohibited List International Standard, effective 1 January 2026. The restriction applies to athletes and other persons subject to the Korean Anti-Doping Code.

En España, el adrafinilo (CRL-40028) figura como estimulante no específico en la sección S6.A de la Lista de prohibiciones 2026. Está prohibido en competición desde el 1 de enero de 2026. La resolución se aplica a los controles antidopaje de competiciones oficiales de ámbito estatal y a deportistas con licencia para participar en ellas; el consumo o uso de las sustancias de la lista puede dar lugar a una sanción por dopaje.

Adrafinil is an S6.A non-specified stimulant in the 2026 Prohibited List and is prohibited during the in-competition period from 1 January 2026. Ukraine’s anti-doping law treats an athlete’s use, possession without a therapeutic-use exemption, or trafficking of a prohibited substance as a doping violation. This is a sport-specific restriction; Adrafinil is not named in Ukraine’s national narcotics, psychotropic substances, and precursors schedule.

Adrafinil is listed in Schedule 4 of the Poisons Standard. Schedule 4 substances are prescription-only medicines under the Australian scheduling framework.

China’s 2026 Doping Catalogue lists adrafinil (阿屈非尼) as a non-specified stimulant. Article 16 of the Anti-Doping Regulations subjects this other listed prohibited substance to prescription-drug management. The Catalogue has effect from 1 January 2026; stimulants are prohibited in competition, and unlawful production, sale, import, or export of listed prohibited substances is forbidden. Registered athletes may possess medicines containing listed prohibited substances only on a physician’s prescription.

Classified as a prescription medicine following a 2005 recommendation by the Medical Classification Committee to MEDSAFE NZ,⁵⁴ partly due to concerns about potential misuse as a party drug.⁵⁴