white → pink1 → pink1 → red1
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1P-LSD
1-Propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide
1P
1P-LSD is a semisynthetic lysergamide psychedelic and LSD prodrugcitation needed, distinguished by a propionyl group on the nitrogen of LSD's indole ring1. The compound reached online research-chemical vendors in 2015 after being synthesized as a lawful substitute for LSD.citation needed Its subjective effects are widely regarded as nearly identical to those of LSD itself. It is a structural homologue of ALD-52.2
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~15 µg
Light15-75 µg
Moderate75-150 µg
Strong150-250 µg
Heavy250+ µg
Duration
Onset20-60 minutes
Come Up45-120 minutes
Peak3-5 hours
Offset3-5 hours
After Effects6-24 hours
Total8-12 hours
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
Cognitive
In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSA and ayahuasca, 1P-LSD is significantly more stimulating and fast paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream produced and contains a large number of potential effects.
Current mind state enhancementThought accelerationNovelty enhancementTime distortionAnalysis enhancementPersonal bias suppressionConceptual thinkingMemory suppressionThought loopsFeelings of interdependent oppositesDelusionsUnity and interconnectednessFeelings of self-designSpirituality enhancementDelineation of thought
Visual
Distortions
Geometry
The visual geometry of 1P-LSD can be described as more similar in appearance to that of 2C-B or 2C-I than psilocin, LSA or DMT. It can be comprehensively described as primarily intricate in complexity, algorithmic in form, unstructured in organization, brightly lit, colourful in scheme, synthetic in feel, multicoloured in scheme, flat in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, angular in its corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, this substance is Level 8A dominant but is also capable of inducing 8B geometry under the right circumstances.
Hallucinatory States
1P-LSD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics.
Auditory
See also: Psychedelic Intensity Scale, Effects of psychedelics (visual, cognitive, miscellaneous)
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
1P-LSD is believed to function primarily as a prodrug for LSD, with its psychedelic effects thought to result from LSD activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors following hydrolysis of the propionyl group.1 Based on structural similarity to LSD, 1P-LSD itself likely acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor, though it displays only 38% the potency of LSD in mouse models.citation needed It has been proposed that 1P-LSD may also interact with dopamine and norepinephrine receptors, but no experimental data currently supports this. Whether 1P-LSD possesses meaningful intrinsic activity independent of its conversion to LSD remains uncertain.1
Pharmacokinetics
1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD in vivo.1 When incubated in human serum or liver cellscitation needed, or administered to rats and human subjects, high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected. Following intravenous administration in humans, 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than four hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD. A study in two human volunteers3 found that serum levels of 1P-LSD diminished within the first hour of oral administration while LSD was consistently detected throughout the experiment. The oral bioavailability of LSD following ingestion of 1P-LSD was found to be close to 100%.3
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Full Tolerance
Tolerance develops almost immediately after ingestion, preventing the full effects from being experienced more than once every 4-7 days without significantly increasing the dose.
Baseline Reset
14 days
Half Tolerance
5-7 days
Cross Tolerance
Serotonergic psychedelics4
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
Extremely Low1P-LSD is considered non-addictive with low abuse potential. Animal studies with LSD show no self-administration behavior, indicating it lacks the pharmacology to initiate or maintain dependence.citation needed The desire to use can actually decrease with repeated use, making it largely self-regulating.
Physical
Extremely LowVirtually no withdrawal syndrome has been reported when chronic use of LSD is stopped, and 1P-LSD is assumed to share these properties. No physical dependence develops with use.citation needed
Psychosis Risk
1P-LSD may act as a trigger for those with underlying mental disorders. Individuals with a personal or family history of mental illness are generally advised not to use this substance, particularly outside of supervised medical settings.citation needed Higher doses increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions including anxiety, delusions, and panic attacks.
Seizure Risk
Seizures are rare but have been reported,citation needed with the likelihood largely extrapolated from LSD use. Risk primarily affects those who are genetically predisposed, particularly when accompanied by physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, fatigue, undernourishment, or overheating.
History & Culture
1P-LSD emerged on the online research chemical market in late 2014 and early 2015,citation needed representing the first widely available 1-acylated lysergamide derivative. It quickly became one of the most well-known LSD analogues and was subsequently…
Trip Reports
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Legality
International
1P-LSD does not appear in the official international control lists for the 1961 Single Convention, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, or the Tables of the 1988 Convention. LSD is separately listed under the 1971 Convention, but that listing does not name 1P-LSD.
By Country
Illegal24
United StatesIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Not explicitly scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act. However, as a prodrug of LSD, possession and sale intended for human consumption may be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act, which treats substantially similar compounds as Schedule I substances.77
By state
Across the 50 states, D.C., and the permanent territories, most jurisdictions treat 1P-LSD consistently with federal control; listed entries record independently verified differences in state classification or coverage.
MaineNot scheduled1P-LSD is not listed or described in Maine's statutory schedules. Maine lists lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as a Schedule W hallucinogen, but its scheduled-drug definition confines that category to drugs named or described in section 1102. The reviewed Maine schedule provisions do not create a state controlled-substance-analogue category for an unlisted LSD analogue, so Maine does not mirror the federal analogue classification.
OregonNot scheduledOr. Rev. Stat. §§ 475.005(6), 475.752; Or. Rev. Stat. § 475.908(3) (limited controlled-substance-analog definition for nonconsensual ingestion).80
1P-LSD is not a controlled substance under Oregon's general controlled-substance definition, which incorporates the federal schedules rather than federal analogue coverage. Oregon separately defines a controlled-substance analog only for the offense of causing another person to ingest a substance without consent; that limited provision does not create general possession or delivery control of 1P-LSD.
AustriaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz9
Not explicitly scheduled but may fall under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz) as a structural analogue of LSD, making supply for human consumption potentially illegal.
BrazilIllegalBrazil lists 1P-LSD in List F2, the national list of psychotropic substances whose use is prohibited. The ANVISA update incorporates 1P-LSD into the controlled-substances annex of Portaria SVS/MS No. 344/1998.
ChileIllegalDecreto Supremo N° 867 de 2007, Ministerio del Interior, que aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley N° 20.0001617
El artículo 1 del Decreto Supremo N° 867 clasifica expresamente 1P-LSD, también denominado 1-propionil-dietilamina del ácido lisérgico, como sustancia o droga estupefaciente o sicotrópica productora de dependencia y capaz de provocar graves efectos tóxicos o daños considerables a la salud. La Ley N° 20.000 sanciona la elaboración, fabricación, transformación, preparación o extracción sin autorización, y aplica las mismas penas al tráfico, incluida la importación, exportación, transporte, adquisición, transferencia, posesión, suministro, guarda o porte sin autorización.
DenmarkIllegalBekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer24
Explicitly named on the list of controlled substances as of August 25, 2015.
EstoniaIllegalSotsiaalministri määrus nr 7325
Controlled as a Schedule I substance since June 1, 2017.
GermanyIllegal (analog/blanket ban)
IsraelIllegal1P-LSD (1-propionyl-lysergic acid diethylamide; 1P-LAD) is listed in the First Schedule to Israel’s Dangerous Drugs Ordinance [New Version], 5733-1973. The Ordinance defines a dangerous drug as a substance in that Schedule and prohibits its production, preparation, possession, and use without authorization; the Schedule entry has been in force since 1 April 2018. Israel had previously designated the substance as prohibited from distribution in an emergency declaration published on 13 December 2015.
LithuaniaIllegalNarkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų sąrašai45
Explicitly named on the list of controlled substances since September 21, 2015.
PolandIllegalRegulation of the Minister of Health of 11 March 2021 amending the regulation on lists of psychotropic substances, narcotic drugs and new psychoactive substances4748
1P-LSD is listed in Poland’s register of new psychoactive substances. The national listing subjects the substance to Poland’s statutory controls on new psychoactive substances.
RussiaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Government Resolution No. 68153
Prohibited since 2017 as a derivative of LSD under national drug control laws.
South KoreaIllegal1P-LSD is designated as a temporary narcotic under the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's Temporary Narcotics Designation Notice, first published on 1 July 2016. The designation prohibits possession, ownership, use, management, import or export, manufacture, sale, brokering, and receipt, except handling approved by the Minister for official purposes. The official public-data record classifies 1P-LSD as an ergoline temporary narcotic and hallucinogen.
SwedenIllegalFörordning (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika61
Specifically scheduled following its emergence as a designer drug. Prohibition took effect January 26, 2016.
SwitzerlandIllegalBetäubungsmittelverzeichnisverordnung62
Explicitly named under Verzeichnis E of controlled substances since December 2015.
TurkeyIllegalBazı Maddelerin 2313 Sayılı Uyuşturucu Maddelerin Murakabesi Hakkında Kanun Hükümlerine Tabi Tutulması ile 26/1/2015 Tarihli ve 2015/7238 Sayılı Bakanlar Kurulu Kararında Değişiklik Yapılmasına İlişkin Karar (Karar Sayısı: 2016/8548)6364
Prohibited under national drug control legislation since February 2016.
UkraineIllegalCabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 770 of 6 May 2000, as amended by Resolution No. 192 of 10 March 2021656667
Ukraine lists 1P-LSD in List No. 2 of Table I, the list of especially dangerous psychotropic substances whose circulation is prohibited. Resolution No. 192 of 10 March 2021 added 1P-LSD (1-propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide) to that list. The statutory framework prohibits circulation of Table I substances except for the limited expert and scientific uses authorized by law.
Controlled / restricted6
AustraliaRestrictedPoisons Standard—June 2026; Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956; Criminal Code Regulations 20195678
The current Commonwealth Poisons Standard Schedule 9 names LYSERGIDE and extends Schedule entries to derivatives, but requires a balanced structural, pharmacological and toxicological or conversion assessment; 1P-LSD is not separately named in the Schedule 9 text. Commonwealth Customs regulation 5 separately defines covered drugs to include Schedule 4 substances and their derivatives and conditionally prohibits import without the required licence, permission, presentation, timing and quantity compliance. The current Criminal Code Regulations Schedule 2 separately lists Lysergamide and Lysergide as border controlled drugs and the Criminal Code extends that route to qualifying drug analogues; 1P-LSD's treatment under either derivative or analogue wording remains conditional on the applicable statutory assessment. Federal law therefore provides conditional Schedule 9 derivative coverage and conditional import/border control, not an unqualified nationwide prohibition. The Poisons Standard states that Schedule 9 implementation may vary by State and Territory, and no State or Territory law is inferred here.
ColombiaRestrictedColombia lists 1P-LSD under "Otras Sustancias" in the new psychoactive substances section of the technical annex to Resolution 003 of 2022. The resolution defines the listed substances for police application of Law 2000 of 2019: carrying or consuming them, including a personal dose, and facilitating or distributing them are prohibited in the public-space areas around educational institutions delimited by the mayor. The measure is a location-specific police restriction rather than a blanket criminal scheduling provision.
IrelandRestricted1P-LSD is subject to Ireland's blanket psychoactive-substances regime when supplied for human consumption. The Criminal Justice (Psychoactive Substances) Act 2010 makes selling, importing, or exporting a psychoactive substance an offence where the person knows or is reckless as to whether it is acquired or supplied for human consumption; sale includes supply, distribution, offering for sale, and possession for those purposes. Conviction may carry a fine and up to 12 months' imprisonment summarily, or a fine and up to 5 years' imprisonment on indictment.
JapanRestrictedDesignated Substances Order42
Listed as a controlled substance under national drug control laws.
RomaniaRestricted1P-LSD is not named in the current controlled-drug tables under Law No. 143/2000. Its N-propanoyl amide is also not an LSD isomer, ether, ester, or salt, so the generic extensions in Law No. 339/2005 do not themselves schedule it. Human administration data nevertheless show that 1P-LSD produces psychoactive effects comparable to LSD. Law No. 194/2011 requires authorization before carrying out defined operations with products reasonably susceptible to psychoactive effects; Article 16 makes unauthorized operations an offense when the person knows of that susceptibility, or should or could have foreseen it.
Not scheduled2
CanadaNot scheduled1P-LSD is not included in the schedules to Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Schedule III lists lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its salts, but does not extend that entry to LSD derivatives or analogues; the Act's schedule-based controlled-substance prohibitions therefore do not apply to 1P-LSD on the basis of its similarity to LSD.
SpainNot scheduled1P-LSD is not listed in Annex 1 of the current Spanish psychotropic-substances schedules, which separately list lysergide as “LSD, LSD-25” in List I. The decree’s List I prohibition applies to substances included in that list and does not create a structural-analogue class covering 1P-LSD.
References
Source Pages
Citations
- Adam L Halberstadt, Muhammad Chatha, Adam K Klein, John D McCorvy, Markus R Meyer, Lea Wagmann, Alexander Stratford, & Simon D Brandt. (August 2020). Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Neuropharmacology, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.1078561234
- Shu-Hua Zhang, Angeline S Y Tang, Reenie S L Chin, Jia Ying Goh, Mei Ching Ong, Wendy J L Lim, Angeline T W Yap, & Cheuk-Wai So. (May 2023). Stability studies of ALD-52 and its homologue 1P-LSD. J Forensic Sci, 68(3), 1009–1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.152241
- Christina Grumann, Kerstin Henkel, Simon D Brandt, Alexander Stratford, Torsten Passie, & Volker Auwärter. (August 2020). Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P-LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration. Drug Testing and Analysis, 12(8), 1144–1153. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.282112
- Adam L. Halberstadt. (January 2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural Brain Research, 277, 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.0161
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade/2026-05-28/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
- Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956, Compilation No. 147 (in force 13 July 2026). legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F1996B03651/2026-07-13/2026-07-13/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
- Criminal Code Regulations 2019, Compilation No. 6 (C0613; in force 13 December 2025), Schedule 2. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2019L00561/2025-12-13/2025-12-13/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html1
- Criminal Code Act 1995, Compilation No. 174 (in force 30 June 2026), sections 301.4 and 301.9. legislation.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A04868/2026-06-30/2026-06-30/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_2/document_2.html1
- Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=200092951
- ANVISA RDC No. 598 of 9 February 2022, updating Annex I to Portaria SVS/MS No. 344/1998. gov.br (n.d.). https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/assuntos/medicamentos/controlados/lista-substancias1
Article Status
Step 1 · Automated synthesisAn autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.
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Recent changes8 human edits · latest
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3 September 2026
Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & Duration › Routes 1 › Dose ranges › Heavy
Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & Duration › Routes 1 › Dose ranges › Strong
Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & Duration › Routes 1 › Dose ranges › Moderate
Lyrea · Changed a word in Dosage & Duration › Routes 1 › Dose ranges › Light
24 July 2026
Lyrea · Updated the article
14 July 2026
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