1P-LSD
1P-LSD is a semisynthetic lysergamide psychedelic and LSD prodrug1, distinguished by a propionyl group on the nitrogen of LSD's indole ring2. The compound reached online research-chemical vendors in 2015 after being synthesized as a lawful substitute for LSD.3 Its subjective effects are widely regarded as nearly identical to those of LSD itself.1 It is a structural homologue of ALD-52.4
Contents
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Duration
Subjective Effects
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
Cognitive
In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSA and ayahuasca, 1P-LSD is significantly more stimulating and fast paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream produced and contains a large number of potential effects.
Visual
Distortions
Geometry
The visual geometry of 1P-LSD can be described as more similar in appearance to that of 2C-B or 2C-I than psilocin, LSA or DMT. It can be comprehensively described as primarily intricate in complexity, algorithmic in form, unstructured in organization, brightly lit, colourful in scheme, synthetic in feel, multicoloured in scheme, flat in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, angular in its corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, this substance is Level 8A dominant but is also capable of inducing 8B geometry under the right circumstances.
Hallucinatory States
1P-LSD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics.
Auditory
Reagent Testing
Loading reagent data
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
1P-LSD is believed to function primarily as a prodrug for LSD, with its psychedelic effects thought to result from LSD activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors following hydrolysis of the propionyl group.52 Based on structural similarity to LSD, 1P-LSD itself likely acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor, though it displays only 38% the potency of LSD in mouse models.5 It has been proposed that 1P-LSD may also interact with dopamine and norepinephrine receptors, but no experimental data currently supports this. Whether 1P-LSD possesses meaningful intrinsic activity independent of its conversion to LSD remains uncertain.2
Pharmacokinetics
1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD in vivo.2 When incubated in human serum or liver cells67, or administered to rats and human subjects, high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected.21 Following intravenous administration in humans, 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than four hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD.1 A study in two human volunteers1 found that serum levels of 1P-LSD diminished within the first hour of oral administration while LSD was consistently detected throughout the experiment. The oral bioavailability of LSD following ingestion of 1P-LSD was found to be close to 100%.1
Dangerous
Highest riskThese combinations are considered extremely harmful and should always be avoided. Reactions to these drugs taken in combination are highly unpredictable and have a potential to cause death.
Unsafe
AvoidThere is considerable risk of physical harm when taking these combinations, they should be avoided where possible.
Caution
Use cautionThese combinations are not usually physically harmful, but may produce undesirable effects, such as physical discomfort or overstimulation. Extreme use may cause physical health issues. Synergistic effects may be unpredictable. Care should be taken when choosing to use this combination.
Tolerance
Serotonergic psychedelics8
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
Extremely Low1P-LSD is considered non-addictive with low abuse potential. Animal studies with LSD show no self-administration behavior, indicating it lacks the pharmacology to initiate or maintain dependence.9 The desire to use can actually decrease with repeated use, making it largely self-regulating.
Physical
Extremely LowVirtually no withdrawal syndrome has been reported when chronic use of LSD is stopped, and 1P-LSD is assumed to share these properties. No physical dependence develops with use.9
Psychosis Risk
1P-LSD may act as a trigger for those with underlying mental disorders. Individuals with a personal or family history of mental illness are generally advised not to use this substance, particularly outside of supervised medical settings.10 Higher doses increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions10 including anxiety, delusions, and panic attacks.
Seizure Risk
Seizures are rare but have been reported,11 with the likelihood largely extrapolated from LSD use. Risk primarily affects those who are genetically predisposed,11 particularly when accompanied by physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, fatigue, undernourishment, or overheating.
History & Culture
1P-LSD emerged on the online research chemical market in late 2014 and early 2015,1213 representing the first widely available 1-acylated lysergamide derivative.5 It quickly became one of…
Trip Reports
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Legality
International
Not scheduled under the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances
By Country
References
Source Pages
Citations
- (August 2020). Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P-LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration. Drug Testing and Analysis, 12(8), 1144–1153. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.28211234567
- (August 2020). Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Neuropharmacology, 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.10785612345
- (27 July 2015). Why Young Brits Are Taking So Much LSD and Ecstasy. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-is-why-so-many-young-brits-are-taking-so-much-acid-and-ecstasy-892/123
- (May 2023). Stability studies of ALD-52 and its homologue 1P-LSD. J Forensic Sci, 68(3), 1009–1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.152241
- (September 2016). Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD). Drug Testing and Analysis, 8(9), 891–902. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.188412345
- (July 2019). In vitro metabolic fate of nine LSD-based new psychoactive substances and their analytical detectability in different urinary screening procedures. Anal Bioanal Chem, 411(19), 4751–4763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1558-91
- (September 2019). Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 1P-LSD and its tentative metabolite LSD in fortified urine and serum samples including stability tests for 1P-LSD under different storage conditions. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 174, 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.0621
- Adam L. Halberstadt. (January 2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural Brain Research, 277, 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.0161
- Nichols DE. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews, 68(2), 264-355. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.01147812
- Schlag AK, Aday J, Salam I, Neill JC, & Nutt DJ. (2022). Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 36(3), 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881121106910012
- Simonsson O, Goldberg SB, Chambers R, Osika W, Long DM, & Hendricks PS. (2022). Prevalence and associations of classic psychedelic-related seizures in a population-based sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 239, 109586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.10958612
- (April 2015). Newer Unregulated Drugs. KFx. http://www.kfx.org.uk/resources/NUDlistapr2015.pdf1
- (2015). EMCDDA–Europol 2015 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (list of new psychoactive substances notified for the first time to the EU Early Warning System in 2015). https://isomerdesign.com/bitnest/external/EMCDDA/New-Drugs-In-Europe-20151
- (1988). Future Synthetic Drugs of Abuse. https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/future_synthetic/future_synthetic.shtml12
- (n.d.). Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga. narodne-novine.nn.hr. https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2019_02_13_259.html1
- (2018). Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen muuttamisesta (840/2018). Laki.ai (Finnish statute mirror of Suomen säädöskokoelma / Finlex). https://laki.ai/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/2018/8401
- (20 May 2021). Arrêté du 20 mai 2021 modifiant l'arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants. www.legifrance.gouv.fr. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT0000435235541
- (n.d.). Anlage 1 NpSG Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz. buzer.de. https://www.buzer.de/Anlage_1_NpSG.htm1
- (n.d.). Änderungen an Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG). buzer.de. https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/12250/l.htm1
- (2019). § 4 NpSG. https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html1
- (n.d.). Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem. Latvijas Republikas tiesību akti. http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=1210861
- (14 February 2013). 31 Forskrift om narkotika (narkotikaforskriften). Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2013-02-14-1991
- (n.d.). Legea 194/2011 privind combaterea operatiunilor cu produse susceptibile de a avea efecte psihoactive, altele decat cele prevazute de acte normative in vigoare, republicata 2014. www.dreptonline.ro. http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/legea_194_2011_combaterea_operatiunilor_produse_susceptibile_efecte_psihoactive.php1
- (n.d.). Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, Section 4: Producing a psychoactive substance. legislation.gov.uk (UK National Archives). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/section/41
- (2016). The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Commencement) Regulations 2016 (SI 2016/553). UK Government. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/553/made1
- (n.d.). Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, Section 2: Meaning of "psychoactive substance". legislation.gov.uk (UK National Archives). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/section/21
- (n.d.). 21 U.S. Code § 813 - Treatment of controlled substance analogues. Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute (U.S. Code mirror). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/8131
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