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Noopept
N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
GVS-111, SGS-111, Omberacetam
Noopept (omberacetam, GVS-111) is a peptide-derived nootropic first synthesized in 1996 and developed as a prescription medication in Russia.citation needed It has become one of the most widely used cognitive enhancers, often taken in combination 'stacks' with other nootropics. Noopept is commonly attributed with temporarily enhancing concentration, focus, and memory recall. Daily use may lead to dependence, with withdrawal reportedly causing negative cognitive effects.
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~2 mg
Light2-5 mg
Moderate5-10 mg
Strong10+ mg
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
Effects vary widely by individual, dose, and context.
Physical
Cognitive
Visual
Enhancements
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Noopept (omberacetam) functions as a prodrug of the endogenous dipeptide cycloprolylglycine.citation needed The active metabolite modulates AMPA receptors and exerts neuroprotective effects that appear dependent upon both AMPA receptor and TrkB receptor activation. In cell culture studies, cycloprolylglycine has been shown to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).1 Additional research suggests that noopept may act as an activator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), which could contribute to its pharmacological profile.citation needed Rat studies have attributed its effects to antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory action, and the ability to inhibit neurotoxicity from excess calcium and glutamate, as well as improvements in blood rheology.
Pharmacokinetics
Noopept is orally bioavailable and acts as a prodrug, being metabolized to the active dipeptide cycloprolylglycine.citation needed As of 2017, its metabolism and elimination half-life in humans were not well characterized.
Interactions
Interactions not written up yet
An unlisted combination is an unknown one, not a safe one. Check a dedicated combination chart before mixing.
Tolerance
Tolerance not written up yet
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
LowDaily use is reported to create dependency, suggesting some potential for psychological habituation with regular administration.
Physical
LowWithdrawal from daily use reportedly causes negative cognitive effects and impaired ability, indicating some degree of physical adaptation with chronic use.
History & Culture
Noopept was developed by a Russian pharmaceutical company during the 1970s and remains a prescription medication in Russia.citation needed Its synthesis was first formally reported in scientific literature in 1996. The compound has been evaluated for potential neuroprotective…
Legality
International
Noopept, GVS-111, SGS-111, and omberacetam do not appear in the current official INCB Yellow List (64th edition, July 2025), Green List (36th edition, 2025), or Red List (23rd edition, July 2025).
By Country
Illegal1
ArgentinaIllegalDisposición ANMAT 2105/20222
ANMAT prohibits the use, distribution, and commercialization nationwide of all lots and presentations of four named Noopept products, including Newmind–Noopept–GVS-111 powder. The measure rests on the products' lack of ANMAT registration and their declared pharmacologically active substances; it is a product-specific prohibition rather than a general scheduling determination for omberacetam.
Controlled / restricted2
United StatesRestrictedFDA identifies Noopept Powder as a drug based on the cited intended-use claims. FDA states that the listed products, including Noopept Powder, are unapproved new drugs and that their interstate introduction violates FD&C Act §§ 301(d) and 505(a). This finding concerns marketing with those drug claims and does not establish a Controlled Substances Act schedule.
CanadaRestrictedHealth Canada identifies omberacetam as GVS-111 and Noopept and states that no drug containing it is authorized in Canada for any use. The Department describes omberacetam products sold as nootropics as being illegally sold. Food and Drug Regulations C.08.002(1) bars sale or advertising of a new drug unless the manufacturer has a satisfactory submission and an unsuspended notice of compliance.
Prescription1
AustraliaPrescription onlyTherapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 20263
The Therapeutic Goods Administration lists Noopept (Omberacetam) among examples of prescription-only ingredients in its sport-supplement guidance. A sport-supplement product that is a therapeutic good must be entered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods before it is imported, manufactured, supplied, or advertised in Australia.
Legal / decriminalized1
RussiaLegal (regulated)Government Resolution No. 681 of 30 June 1998 (controlled-substance lists, consolidated through the 27 July 2025 version and incorporating Resolution No. 880 of 11 June 2025); Federal Law No. 61-FZ of 12 April 2010 on circulation of medicines, Articles 47 and 50 (current text as amended 4 August 2026).67891011
The product is registered under LP-N(004920)-(РГ-RU) and is therefore best characterized in Russia as a registered OTC medicine. The current consolidated Resolution No. 681, including its 2025 amendments, contains no exact Noopept/omberacetam/full-identity entry. Personal import for an individual arriving in Russia is covered by Federal Law 61-FZ Article 50's exception to Articles 47-49, subject to personal/noncommercial use and customs rules; Article 47 remains applicable to commercial import. The personal-use exception does not permit selling, distributing or commercially importing the product.
References
Source Pages
Citations
- T. A. Gudasheva, K. N. Koliasnikova, T. A. Antipova, & S. B. Seredenin. (July 2016). Neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine increases the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal cells. Doklady. Biochemistry and Biophysics, 469(1), 273–276. https://doi.org/10.1134/s16076729160401041
- Disposición ANMAT 2105/2022. boletinoficial.gob.ar (n.d.). https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/259661/202203221
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026. tga.gov.au (n.d.). https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-11/fact-sheet-regulation-sport-supplement-products-australia.pdf1
- Food and Drug Regulations, C.08.002(1). recalls-rappels.canada.ca (n.d.). https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en/alert-recall/unauthorized-drug-products-sold-illegally-quadragen-and-advanced-research-websites-may1
- Food and Drug Regulations, C.08.002(1). laws-lois.justice.gc.ca (n.d.). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/c.r.c.%2C_c._870/page-68.html1
- Noopept official instructions for medical use. noopept.ru (n.d.). https://noopept.ru/instruction/1
- Government Resolution No. 681, current consolidated controlled-substance list. alta.ru (n.d.). https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/98_PS681/1
- Government Resolution No. 880 of 11 June 2025 amending controlled-substance lists. alta.ru (n.d.). https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/25ps0880/1
- Federal Law No. 61-FZ, Article 50 (current text). consultant.ru (n.d.). https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_99350/2f83905386fba9be32b129bf200996d6ce1ffd28/1
- Ministry of Health of Russia: State Register of Medicines open-data page. minzdrav.gov.ru (n.d.). https://minzdrav.gov.ru/opendata/7707778246-grls1
Further Reading
Examine.com: N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
Gudasheva et al. 2002 - The original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept
IJEST 2021 - Finding the optimal dosage for nootropic agent Noopept
Neznamov & Teleshova 2009 - Comparative studies of Noopept and piracetam- Ostrovskaya et al. 2018 - Pharmacokinetics of noopept and its active metabolite cycloprolyl glycine in rats
- PubChem: 1-(2-Phenylacetyl)-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
Article Status
Step 1 · Automated synthesisAn autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins compiled this article's foundation from information published across the web.
- Step 2 · First-pass reviewPending
Not yet reviewed — this article is pending editorial review by Lyrea.
- Step 3 · Citation reviewPending
No one has reviewed this article's citations yet. That second pass checks each claim against the source it cites.
Recent changes8 human edits · latest
Times are UTCNewest first
6 August 2026
Lyrea · Updated the article
24 January 2026
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
Josie Kins · Updated the article · also 1,4-Butanediol, 1B-LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD and 573 more
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