Confusion

Confusion is an impairment of abstract thinking demonstrated by an inability to think with one’s customary clarity and coherence.¹ Within the context of substance use, it is commonly experienced as a persistent inability to grasp or comprehend concepts and situations which would otherwise be perfectly understandable during sobriety. The intensity of this effect seems to to be further increased with unfamiliarity² in either setting or substance ingested.

Confusion is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as delirium, delusions, and short-term memory suppression in a manner which further increases the person's lack of comprehension. It is most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psychedelics³, dissociatives⁴, synthetic cannabinoids⁵, and deliriants⁶⁷. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of heavy dosages of benzodiazepines⁸ and antipsychotics⁷.