yellow2 → orange1 → orange2
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2-Fluorodeschloroketamine
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a dissociative substance of the arylcyclohexylamine class, structurally related to ketamine with the chlorine group replaced by fluorine.citation needed It first appeared on the research chemical market around 2017, marketed as a legal replacement for ketamine. Its effects are reported to be similar to ketamine and highly dose-dependent, ranging from alcohol-like intoxication at lower doses to hallucinogenic out-of-body dissociative states at higher doses. Research on its pharmacology remains limited.1
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Doses are population estimates that vary widely between individuals.
Threshold~5 mg
Light5-25 mg
Moderate25-70 mg
Strong70-140 mg
Heavy140+ mg
Duration
Onset15-30 minutes
Come Up5-45 minutes
Peak1-2 hours
Offset1-2 hours
After Effects3-8 hours
Total2.5-5 hours
Subjective Effects
Legacy content. A statistically backed ontology from Mindstate Design Labs is coming soon.
The experience closely resembles that of ketamine, its parent compound, producing a dose-dependent dissociative state that progresses from mild sedation and disconnection at low doses to full anesthetic detachment at high doses. Onset is somewhat slower and the duration somewhat longer than ketamine, and many users describe the experience as gentler and more clear-headed at comparable levels of intensity. At sufficiently high doses it can produce a complete dissociative hole state in which awareness of the body and external environment is largely or entirely lost.
Physical
The body feels heavy, numb, and anesthetized, with pronounced loss of motor control and balance at moderate doses. Pain perception is strongly reduced, and nausea or dizziness can occur, particularly with movement or higher doses.
Cognitive
The headspace is detached and dream-like, with slowed thought, impaired short-term memory, and a sense of separation from one's surroundings and identity. Anxiety and emotional pain are typically blunted, and moderate doses are often accompanied by a relaxed, mildly euphoric mood.
Dissociative
Suppressions
Visual
Visual effects are dominated by suppression and disconnection rather than embellishment, with the visual field becoming blurred, doubled, and choppy as the dose increases.
Distortions
Auditory
Hearing becomes muffled and distant as external awareness is suppressed.
Tactile
Touch sensation is strongly dulled, with the body feeling numb and disconnected.
See also: Dissociative Intensity Scale, Subjective Effects of Dissociatives
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has not been directly studied for its receptor-level pharmacology.1 Based on its close structural relationship to ketamine, it is thought to act primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist.citation needed The substitution of fluorine at the 2-position in place of chlorine increases the molecule's polarity, which could influence its binding characteristics at targets such as the NMDA receptor.
Pharmacokinetics
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is hepatically metabolized in a manner analogous to ketamine. CYP2B6 serves as the primary metabolic enzyme, with CYP3A4 contributing to a lesser extent, converting the parent compound to nor-2-fluorodeschloroketamine (nor-2FDCK) through N-demethylation. Nor-2FDCK is further metabolized to dehydronor-2FDCK by CYP2B6, or to hydroxynor-2FDCK by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6. Computational simulations indicate that 2-FDCK docks more strongly to CYP2B6 than ketamine does2, and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation predicts a lower intrinsic hepatic clearance. Combined with lower lipophilicity relative to ketaminecitation needed, these properties suggest a slower overall rate of metabolism.
Interactions
Interactions not written up yet
An unlisted combination is an unknown one, not a safe one. Check a dedicated combination chart before mixing.
Tolerance
Tolerance timelines are rules of thumb, not exact schedules, and vary widely between individuals and use patterns.
Full Tolerance
Many effects of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine may show tolerance after sustained repeated use, meaning larger doses may be needed for comparable effects.
Baseline Reset
1-2 weeks
Half Tolerance
3-7 days
Cross Tolerance
Dissociatives
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
ModerateModerately addictive with a high potential for abusecitation needed and capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported, and cravings may occur when usage is stopped.
Physical
Withdrawal effects may occur following cessation of chronic use.
Toxicity
Urinary System
Repeated and excessive use over extended periods can cause bladder and urinary tract problems similar to those seen with ketamine, though potentially to a lesser extent due to 2-FDCK's higher potency requiring lower doses.
History & Culture
The synthesis of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine was first described in a 2013 scientific paper as part of a broader effort to synthesize and evaluate novel anesthetic compounds based on ketamine and its structural analogues. Despite this early documentation, the compound's origins as a recreational…
Legality
International
ECDD recommended addition to Schedule II of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 (October 2023)
By Country
Illegal12
AustriaIllegalSuchtgiftverordnung (SV), Anhang IV.1, pursuant to Suchtmittelgesetz (SMG) § 2 Abs. 2; Suchtmittelgesetz (SMG) §§ 5 and 27.56789
Unauthorized possession, production and sale of 2-FDCK are prohibited, subject to lawful-purpose and personal-use qualifications. BGBl. II Nr. 394/2024 expressly added 2-Fluorodeschloroketamin, 2-FDCK to SV Anhang IV.1 effective at the end of 19 December 2024. The current consolidated SV treats Anhang IV.1 substances as Suchtgifte under SMG § 2(2). Current SMG § 5(1) limits Suchtmittel dealings to medical, dental, veterinary or scientific purposes under the statute, while § 27(1) criminalizes unauthorized acquisition, possession, production, transport, import, export, offering, transfer and supply and § 27(2) provides a lower maximum penalty for conduct exclusively for personal use. NPSG § 2(2) excludes SMG-subject substances, so 2-FDCK is governed by the SV and SMG rather than the NPSG.
BelgiumIllegalRoyal Decree of 6 September 2017 regulating narcotic and psychotropic substances, Annex IIB, as amended by Royal Decree of 19 December 2025 (published 16 January 2026; effective 26 January 2026); Royal Decree of 6 September 2017 arts. 2(18), 3(1), 6(1), 7 and 61(1).101112
Belgian primary law expressly names 2-FDCK in Annex IIB, inserted by the 19 December 2025 Royal Decree effective 26 January 2026. 2-FDCK is a named scheduled psychotropic substance. The Royal Decree requires prior authorization for ordinary possession and other handling and provides penalties; limited professional final-user authorization and other statutory exceptions apply.
CanadaIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, S.C. 1996, c. 19 (Justice Laws consolidation current to 2026-06-21 and last amended 2026-06-05), Schedule I, item 14(1), read with subsection 2(1).13141516
Health Canada's official NPS table expressly identifies fluorodeschloroketamine (including 2-FDCK) as controlled under CDSA Schedule I, item 14, line 1; the current CDSA supplies the operative item 14 heading and analogue definition. The 2026 Health Canada classification page independently places 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine in ‘Ketamine and analogues.’ The named substance is 2-FDCK rather than an unspecified fluorodeschloroketamine isomer; the 2022 table lists multiple fluorodeschloroketamine isomers.
GermanyIllegalBetäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG), § 1 Abs. 1, § 3 Abs. 1 and § 29 Abs. 1-5; Anlage II (zu § 1 Abs. 1), current consolidated federal text; Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetz (NpSG), § 1 Abs. 2 Nr. 1.1718192021
Current German primary law expressly names 2-FDCK in BtMG Anlage II, which is the category of marketable but non-prescribable narcotics. BtMG § 3 makes the listed traffic routes authorization-based, and § 29 expressly criminalizes possession without a written acquisition permit as well as unauthorized handling, with a basic maximum of five years' imprisonment or a fine. NpSG § 1 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 excludes BtMG narcotics from the NpSG. These restrictions address ordinary unlicensed handling and do not negate statutory authorization pathways.
ItalyIllegalD.P.R. 9 October 1990, n. 309 (Testo unico), Tabella I, as amended by Ministero della Salute Decreto 13 March 2020 (G.U. n. 85 of 30 March 2020, code 20A01820); D.P.R. 309/1990 arts. 73 and 75 (current consolidated text).2223242526
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is the Italian Tabella I substance Fluoroketamina. The 2020 Ministry decree expressly lists Fluoroketamina, its chemical name, 2-fluorodescloroketamina and 2-FDCK in Tabella I. Current D.P.R. 309/1990 art. 73 criminalizes unauthorized production, sale, supply, distribution, trade and related non-personal-use import/export/acquisition/receipt/possession. Current art. 75 separately treats illicit personal-use import/export/acquisition/receipt/possession of Tabella I substances as an administrative offense. Trafficking and other non-personal-use conduct are prohibited, subject to this personal-use qualification.
JapanIllegal麻薬、麻薬原料植物、向精神薬、麻薬向精神薬原料等を指定する政令（平成二年政令第二百三十八号）第1条第109号; 麻薬及び向精神薬取締法（昭和二十八年法律第十四号）第2条第1号、第27条及び第28条; 令和6年政令第257号 (effective 2024-08-30).272829
The current MHLW notice states that 2-FDCK was newly designated as a narcotic effective 2024-08-30 and that narcotic-designated substances cease to be designated drugs. The current consolidated e-Gov schedule lists the exact chemical and salts at Article 1 item 109. The current Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act supplies the applicable narcotic definition and possession and administration prohibitions, subject to its licensing and statutory medical exceptions. 2-FDCK is classified as a narcotic rather than a designated drug.
LatviaIllegalLaw on the Procedures for the Coming into Force and Application of the Criminal Law (Likums "Par Krimināllikuma spēkā stāšanās un piemērošanas kārtību"), Annex 2, II (List I), section 11(9), current consolidated text; Law on the Legal Trade of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances and Medicinal Products, and also Precursors (Narkotisko un psihotropo vielu un zāļu, kā arī prekursoru likumīgās aprites likums), sections 3 and 5, current consolidated text.303132
An exact-name listing is not required for this compound in Latvia: Annex 2 List I section 11(9) is a description-defined psychotropic category whose structural elements match the 2-fluorodeschloroketamine identity. The prohibition concerns ordinary unlicensed handling; the Latvian statute preserves a narrow permit route for specified scientific and training uses. Cabinet Regulation No. 847 is repealed; the current source is Annex 2 to the Criminal Law application statute as cross-referenced by section 3 of the legal-trade law.
SingaporeIllegalMisuse of Drugs Act 1973 (Singapore), First Schedule Part I (Class A drugs), paragraph 18 item (46) (the 2-FDCK entry; originally inserted as paragraph 18 item (19ABF) by S 349/2020, effective 1 May 2020), together with sections 5, 6, 7 and 8.33343536
Current Singapore primary law expressly names 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine / 2-FDCK in the First Schedule's Class A controlled-drug list, and S 349/2020 records its 1 May 2020 commencement. The current consolidated schedule presents it as paragraph 18 item (46), while the amendment inserted it as item (19ABF). Sections 5–8 establish that unauthorized trafficking, manufacture, import/export, possession and consumption of a controlled drug are offences, subject to statutory authorization.
SwedenIllegalLäkemedelsverkets föreskrifter LVFS 2011:10 om förteckningar över narkotika, consolidated text containing amendments through HSLF-FS 2026:26 (2-fluorodeskloroketamin, Swedish list I; international list P II); Förordning (1992:1554) om kontroll av narkotika, §§2–4 and 11; Lag (1992:860) om kontroll av narkotika, §§2–5 and 7; Narkotikastrafflag (1968:64), §§1–2 and 8.37383940
The exact compound is expressly listed by Läkemedelsverket as 2-fluorodeskloroketamin, 2-(2-fluorofenyl)-2-(metylamino)cyklohexan-1-on, Swedish narcotics list I and international list P II. Under the current Swedish narcotics-control statutes, unauthorized possession, use, import/export, manufacture and trade are prohibited; narrow authorized medical, scientific, societal-benefit and industrial purposes remain possible under the cited permission rules.
SwitzerlandIllegalBetäubungsmittelverzeichnisverordnung (BetmVV-EDI), SR 812.121.11, Annex 5 (Anhang 5), Verzeichnis d, current consolidated version dated 13 March 2026; read with Article 8(5) Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BetmG), SR 812.121.4142
Swiss law controls 2-Fluordeschlorketamin as a prohibited substance. The current official ordinance expressly names 2-Fluordeschlorketamin in Verzeichnis d, not Verzeichnis e. The ordinance defines e separately as raw materials and products with suspected narcotic-like effects. BAG guidance describes Verzeichnis d substances as prohibited narcotic drugs and explains the Article 8(5) exceptional-permit framework. Accordingly, 2-Fluordeschlorketamin is prohibited rather than unscheduled or merely restricted.
TurkeyIllegalLaw No. 2313 on the Control of Narcotic Drugs (Uyuşturucu Maddelerin Murakabesi Hakkında Kanun), Article 19, as currently consolidated through 24 July 2025; Presidential Decision No. 1335 dated 19 July 2019, published in Official Gazette No. 30837 on 20 July 2019, Annex; Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, Articles 188 and 191.43444546474849
Decision No. 1335 directly names 2-FDCK under Law No. 2313 Article 19. The legal consequence is that unauthorized handling is prohibited: Article 188(1) covers unlicensed manufacture/import/export, Article 188(3) covers unlicensed domestic supply and possession-type conduct, and Article 191 supplies a separate personal-use route with its own deferred-prosecution and supervised-release framework. The prohibition does not encompass every conceivable official scientific or other narrowly authorized handling; charge, quantity, and permit questions remain fact-specific.
United KingdomIllegal (analog/blanket ban)Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Schedule 2 Part II paragraph 1(d) (Class B), inserted by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/239).505152
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine fits the MDA Schedule 2 Part II paragraph 1(d) generic clause through the 2-amino-2-phenylcyclohexanone scaffold, N-alkyl substitution and phenyl-ring halide substitution. The clause was inserted by S.I. 2013/239, effective 26 February 2013. It is covered by the generic structural clause rather than listed as a named substance. Under sections 3, 4 and 5, the prohibitions are subject to regulations, licences and statutory exceptions, so possession, production, supply and import are not absolutely unlawful in every regulated or licensed circumstance.
References
Citations
- World Health Organization Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. (2023). Critical review report: 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine. World Health Organization. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/46th-ecdd/2-fdck_46th-ecdd-critical-review_public-version.pdf12
- Wang PF, Neiner A, Lane TR, Zorn KM, Ekins S, & Kharasch ED. (2019-01-10). Halogen Substitution Influences Ketamine Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 2B6: In Vitro and Computational Approaches. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 16(2), 898-906. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b012141
- Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wu Y, Tian X, Dai Y, & Cai Y. (2026-06-05). Metabolite Profiling and Pathway Elucidation of 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine and 2-Fluoro-N-ethylketamine in Rats Using HPLC-QTOF Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites, 16(6), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo1606039412
- Clearmind Medicine Inc.. (2023-01-31). Israeli Biotech Clearmind Medicine Announces Positive Pre-Clinical Results Treating Major Depression With a Novel Ketamine-Based Compound. GlobeNewswire. https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2023/01/31/2598573/0/en/Israeli-Biotech-Clearmind-Medicine-Announces-Positive-Pre-Clinical-Results-Treating-Major-Depression-With-a-Novel-Ketamine-Based-Compound.html1
- Suchtgiftverordnung (SV), current consolidated text, version dated 28 August 2026. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=100110531
- Suchtgiftverordnung (SV), Anhang IV, current consolidated text. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Anlage=4&Artikel=&Gesetzesnummer=10011053&Paragraf=&Uebergangsrecht=12
- BGBl. II Nr. 394/2024, amendment of the Suchtgiftverordnung. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2024_II_394/BGBLA_2024_II_394.pdf1
- Suchtmittelgesetz (SMG), current consolidated text, version dated 28 August 2026. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung/Bundesnormen/10011040/SMG%2c%20Fassung%20vom%2028.08.2026.pdf1
- Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz (NPSG), current consolidated text, version dated 28 August 2026. ris.bka.gv.at (n.d.). https://ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung/Bundesnormen/20007605/NPSG%2c%20Fassung%20vom%2028.08.2026.pdf1
- Annex II, non-official consolidated version (FAMHP), update valid from 29 March 2026. famhp.be (n.d.). https://www.famhp.be/sites/default/files/content/INSP/NARC/annex%20II_non%20official%20consolidated%20version.pdf1
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