2-Fluorodeschloroketamine
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is a dissociative substance of the arylcyclohexylamine class, structurally related to ketamine with the chlorine group replaced by fluorine. It first appeared on the research chemical market around 2017, marketed as a legal replacement for ketamine. Its effects are reported to be similar to ketamine and highly dose-dependent, ranging from alcohol-like intoxication at lower doses to hallucinogenic out-of-body dissociative states at higher doses. Research on its pharmacology remains limited.
Contents
Dosage & Duration
Dosage
Duration
Subjective Effects
The experience closely resembles that of ketamine, its parent compound, producing a dose-dependent dissociative state that progresses from mild sedation and disconnection at low doses to full anesthetic detachment at high doses. Onset is somewhat slower and the duration somewhat longer than ketamine, and many users describe the experience as gentler and more clear-headed at comparable levels of intensity. At sufficiently high doses it can produce a complete dissociative hole state in which awareness of the body and external environment is largely or entirely lost.
Physical
The body feels heavy, numb, and anesthetized, with pronounced loss of motor control and balance at moderate doses. Pain perception is strongly reduced, and nausea or dizziness can occur, particularly with movement or higher doses.
Cognitive
The headspace is detached and dream-like, with slowed thought, impaired short-term memory, and a sense of separation from one's surroundings and identity. Anxiety and emotional pain are typically blunted, and moderate doses are often accompanied by a relaxed, mildly euphoric mood.
Dissociative
Suppressions
Visual
Visual effects are dominated by suppression and disconnection rather than embellishment, with the visual field becoming blurred, doubled, and choppy as the dose increases.
Distortions
Auditory
Hearing becomes muffled and distant as external awareness is suppressed.
Tactile
Touch sensation is strongly dulled, with the body feeling numb and disconnected.
Reagent Testing
Loading reagent data
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine has not been directly studied for its receptor-level pharmacology. Based on its close structural relationship to ketamine, it is thought to act primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist. The substitution of fluorine at the 2-position in place of chlorine increases the molecule's polarity, which could influence its binding characteristics at targets such as the NMDA receptor.
Pharmacokinetics
2-Fluorodeschloroketamine is hepatically metabolized in a manner analogous to ketamine. CYP2B6 serves as the primary metabolic enzyme, with CYP3A4 contributing to a lesser extent, converting the parent compound to nor-2-fluorodeschloroketamine (nor-2FDCK) through N-demethylation. Nor-2FDCK is further metabolized to dehydronor-2FDCK by CYP2B6, or to hydroxynor-2FDCK by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6. Computational simulations indicate that 2-FDCK docks more strongly to CYP2B6 than ketamine does, and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation predicts a lower intrinsic hepatic clearance. Combined with lower lipophilicity relative to ketamine, these properties suggest a slower overall rate of metabolism.
Tolerance
Dissociatives
Harm Potential
Addiction & Dependence
Psychological
ModerateModerately addictive with a high potential for abuse and capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. Compulsive redosing is commonly reported, and cravings may occur when usage is stopped.
Physical
Withdrawal effects may occur following cessation of chronic use.
Toxicity
Repeated and excessive use over extended periods can cause bladder and urinary tract problems similar to those seen with ketamine, though potentially to a lesser extent due to 2-FDCK's higher potency requiring lower doses.
History & Culture
The synthesis of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine was first described in a 2013 scientific paper as part of a broader effort to synthesize and evaluate novel anesthetic compounds based on ketamine and its structural analogues. Despite this early documentation, the compound's origins as a recreational…
Legality
International
ECDD recommended addition to Schedule II of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 (October 2023)
By Country
Automated synthesisInformation aggregated and synthesized using an autonomous workflow built by Josie Kins.
Suggest an edit
Spotted a mistake, an outdated claim, or something missing from the 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine article? Send the editors a private note. Feedback lands in a moderation queue and is never shown on the site.