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      Thought disorganization

      Thought disorganization is a state in which one's ability to analyze and categorize conceptual information using a systematic and logical thought process is considerably decreased. It seemingly occurs through an increase in thoughts that are unrelated or irrelevant to the topic at hand, thus decreasing one's capacity for a structured and cohesive thought stream. This effect also seems to allow the user to hold a significantly lower amount of relevant information in their train of thought that can be useful for extended mental calculations, articulating ideas, and analyzing logical arguments.

      Thought disorganization is often accompanied by other coinciding effects, such as analysis suppression and thought acceleration. It is most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of hallucinogenic and depressant compounds, such as dissociatives [1] [2] [3] [4] , psychedelics [1] [5] , cannabinoids [1] [6] [7] , and GABAergics [8] [9] . However, it is worth noting that the same stimulant or nootropics compounds that induce thought organization at lower dosages can also often result in the opposite effect of thought disorganization at higher dosages. [1] [9] [10] [11]

      References

      1. [1][2][3][4]         Paparelli, A., Di Forti, M., Morrison, P. D., & Murray, R. M. (2011). Drug-induced psychosis: how to avoid star gazing in schizophrenia research by looking at more obvious sources of light. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 1. | https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnbeh.2011.00001
      2. Flohr, H., Glade, U., & Motzko, D. (2000). The neural correlate of consciousness and the mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Molecular pharmacology of anesthesia, 12-24. | http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.526.6243&rep=rep1&type=pdf
      3. Flohr, H., Glade, U., & Motzko, D. (1998). The role of the NMDA synapse in general anesthesia. Toxicology letters, 100, 23-29. | https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-4274%2898%2900161-1
      4. Lahti, A. C., Weiler, M. A., Michaelidis, B. T., Parwani, A., & Tamminga, C. A. (2001). Effects of ketamine in normal and schizophrenic volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(4), 455-467. | https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0893-133X%2801%2900243-3
      5. Winkelman, M. J. (2017). The mechanisms of psychedelic visionary experiences: hypotheses from evolutionary psychology. Frontiers in neuroscience, 11, 539. | https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnins.2017.00539
      6. D’Souza, D. C., Sewell, R. A., & Ranganathan, M. (2009). Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 259(7), 413-431. | https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00406-009-0024-2
      7. Radhakrishnan, R., Wilkinson, S. T., & D’Souza, D. C. (2014). Gone to pot–a review of the association between cannabis and psychosis. Frontiers in psychiatry, 5, 54. | https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2014.00054
      8. Bennett, W. M., Wilson, L. G., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (2007). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) withdrawal: a case report. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 39(3), 293-296. | https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02791072.2007.10400616
      9. [1][2]         Tsuang, M. T., Simpson, J. C., & Kronfol, Z. (1982). Subtypes of drug abuse with psychosis: demographic characteristics, clinical features, and family history. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39(2), 141-147. | https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpsyc.1982.04290020013003
      10. Angrist, B., Thompson, H., Shopsin, B., & Gershon, S. (1975). Clinical studies with dopamine-receptor stimulants. Psychopharmacologia, 44(3), 273-280. | https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00428906
      11. Krystal, J. H., Perry, E. B., Gueorguieva, R., Belger, A., Madonick, S. H., Abi-Dargham, A., ... & D’Souza, D. C. (2005). Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine: implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function. Archives of general psychiatry, 62(9), 985-995. | https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.985

      Tags

      antipsychotic
      cognitive
      deliriant
      suppression

      Contributors

      The following people contributed to the content of this article:

      JosieKayleeGrahamNatalie
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